{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:07:44Z","timestamp":1791119264142,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]],"date-time":"2000-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":957139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis of C57BL\/6 mice acutely infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) by using intracellular cytokine staining revealed a high frequency (2 to 10%) of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells secreting the Th1-associated cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3), and tumor necrosis factor alpha, with no concomitant increase in the frequency of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells secreting the Th2-associated cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 following stimulation with viral peptides. In LCMV-infected C57BL\/6 CD8<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice, more than 20% of the CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells secreted IFN-\u03b3 after viral peptide stimulation, whereas less than 1% of the CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells secreted IL-4 under these same conditions. Mice persistently infected with a high dose of LCMV clone 13 also generated a virtually exclusive Th1 response. Thus, LCMV induces a much more profound virus-specific CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T-cell response than previously recognized, and it is dramatically skewed to a Th1 phenotype.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.74.9.4429-4432.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:06:37Z","timestamp":1027764397000},"page":"4429-4432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["High Frequency of Virus-Specific Interleukin-2-Producing CD4<sup>+<\/sup>T Cells and Th1 Dominance during Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Varga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Program in Immunology and Virology1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond M.","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Pathology,2 University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5258.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.2.716","article-title":"Cerebral expression of multiple cytokine genes in mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis","volume":"152","author":"Campbell I. L.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Campbell I. L. Hobbs M. V. Kemper P. Oldstone M. B. A. Cerebral expression of multiple cytokine genes in mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis.J. Immunol. 152 1994 716 723","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1996.tb00694.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.1329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1999.1458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/362758a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.7.2348","article-title":"Two types of murine helper T cell clone. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins","volume":"136","author":"Mosmann T. R.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mosmann T. R. Cherwinski H. Bond M. W. Giedlin M. A. Coffman R. L. Two types of murine helper T cell clone. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins.J. Immunol. 136 1986 2348 2357","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1991.tb00612.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830251230"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.5.2209"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80628-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.3.1895-1902.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5007","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.10.5007","article-title":"CD4+ and CD8+ T cell interactions in IFN-\u03b3 and IL-4 responses to viral infections: requirements for IL-2","volume":"160","author":"Su H. C.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Su H. C. Cousens L. P. Fast L. D. Slifka M. K. Bungiro R. D. Ahmed R. Biron C. A. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell interactions in IFN-\u03b3 and IL-4 responses to viral infections: requirements for IL-2.J. Immunol. 160 1998 5007 5017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.3.1521-1526.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1996.0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.7.3215","article-title":"Cutting edge: detection of a high frequency of virus-specific CD4+ T cells during acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus","volume":"161","author":"Varga S. M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Varga S. M. Welsh R. M. Cutting edge: detection of a high frequency of virus-specific CD4+ T cells during acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.J. Immunol. 161 1998 3215 3218","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.1.367","article-title":"Stability of virus-specific CD4+ T cell frequencies from acute infection into long term memory","volume":"161","author":"Varga S. M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Varga S. M. Welsh R. M. Stability of virus-specific CD4+ T cell frequencies from acute infection into long term memory.J. Immunol. 161 1998 367 374","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.10.8281-8288.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.12.8375-8381.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.10.1837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5246.173"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.74.9.4429-4432.2000","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.74.9.4429-4432.2000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T15:50:17Z","timestamp":1682265017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.74.9.4429-4432.2000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.74.9.4429-4432.2000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.74.9.4429-4432.2000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-11-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-02-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}