{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:52:14Z","timestamp":1793746334006,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]],"date-time":"2001-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":980985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Rift Valley fever virus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (RVFV), a phlebovirus of the family\n                    <jats:italic>Bunyaviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is a major public health threat in Egypt and sub-Saharan Africa. The viral and host cellular factors that contribute to RVFV virulence and pathogenicity are still poorly understood. All pathogenic RVFV strains direct the synthesis of a nonstructural phosphoprotein (NSs) that is encoded by the smallest (S) segment of the tripartite genome and has an undefined accessory function. In this report, we show that MP12 and clone 13, two attenuated RVFV strains with mutations in the NSs gene, were highly virulent in IFNAR\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice lacking the alpha\/beta interferon (IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2) receptor but remained attenuated in IFN-\u03b3 receptor-deficient mice. Both attenuated strains proved to be excellent inducers of early IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 production. In contrast, the virulent strain ZH548 failed to induce detectable amounts of IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 and replicated extensively in both IFN-competent and IFN-deficient mice. Clone 13 has a defective NSs gene with a large in-frame deletion. This defect in the NSs gene results in expression of a truncated protein which is rapidly degraded. To investigate whether the presence of the wild-type NSs gene correlated with inhibition of IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 production, we infected susceptible IFNAR\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice with S gene reassortant viruses. When the S segment of ZH548 was replaced by that of clone 13, the resulting reassortants became strong IFN inducers. When the defective S segment of clone 13 was exchanged with the wild-type S segment of ZH548, the reassortant virus lost the capacity to stimulate IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 production. These results demonstrate that the ability of RVFV to inhibit IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 production correlates with viral virulence and suggest that the accessory protein NSs is an IFN antagonist.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.75.3.1371-1377.2001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:06:37Z","timestamp":1027749997000},"page":"1371-1377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":345,"title":["Genetic Evidence for an Interferon-Antagonistic Function of Rift Valley Fever Virus Nonstructural Protein NSs"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Miche\u0300le","family":"Bouloy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Groupe des Bunyaviride\u0301s1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Janzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Abteilung Virologie, Institut fu\u0308r Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universita\u0308t Freiburg, D-79008 Freiburg, Germany2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Vialat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Groupe des Bunyaviride\u0301s1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huot","family":"Khun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Unite\u0301d'Histopathologie,3 Institut Pasteur, F-75724 Paris Cedex, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovan","family":"Pavlovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zu\u0308rich, CH-8028 Zu\u0308rich, Switzerland4; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Huerre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Unite\u0301d'Histopathologie,3 Institut Pasteur, F-75724 Paris Cedex, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otto","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Abteilung Virologie, Institut fu\u0308r Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universita\u0308t Freiburg, D-79008 Freiburg, Germany2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(88)90096-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Bancroft\nJ. 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