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The distribution of these<jats:italic>CCR2-CCR5<\/jats:italic>haplotypes was examined among 703 participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), the District of Columbia Gay (DCG) Study, and the San Francisco Men\u2019s Health Study (SFMHS). Highly exposed and persistently seronegative (HEPS;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 90) Caucasian men from MACS more frequently carried heterozygous G*2 (\u039432) genotypes (especially A\/G*2) and less frequently carried the homozygous E\/E genotype compared with 469 Caucasian seroconverters (SCs) from the same cohort (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.004 to 0.042). Among 341 MACS Caucasian SCs with 6- to 12-month human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion intervals and no potent antiretroviral therapy, mean plasma HIV-1 RNA level during the initial 42 months after seroconversion was higher in carriers of the E\/E genotype and lower in those with the 64I-bearing haplotype F*2 or the \u039432-bearing haplotype G*2 (and especially genotypes A\/G*2 and F*2\/G*2). A multivariable model containing these CCR markers showed significant composite effects on HIV-1 RNA at each of four postconversion intervals (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.0004 to 0.050). In other models using time to AIDS as the endpoint, the same markers showed more modest contributions (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.08 to 0.24) to differential outcome during 11.5 years of follow-up. Broadly consistent findings in the larger MACS Caucasian SCs and the smaller groups of MACS African-American SCs and the DCG and SFMHS Caucasian SCs indicate that specific<jats:italic>CCR2-CCR5<\/jats:italic>haplotypes or genotypes mediate initial acquisition of HIV-1 infection, early host-virus equilibration, and subsequent pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.2.662-672.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:55:53Z","timestamp":1027763753000},"page":"662-672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Distribution of Chemokine Receptor<i>CCR2<\/i>and<i>CCR5<\/i>Genotypes and Their Relative Contribution to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Seroconversion, Early HIV-1 RNA Concentration in Plasma, and Later Disease Progression"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Jianming","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine"},{"name":"Program in Epidemiology of Infection and Immunity"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Shelton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina J.","family":"Makhatadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Epidemiology of Infection and Immunity"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and International Health, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Epidemiology of Infection and Immunity"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and International Health, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Schaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Epidemiology of Infection and Immunity"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and International Health, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie G.","family":"Louie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Goedert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20852"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Seaberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21218"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph B.","family":"Margolick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21218"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mellors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Kaslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine"},{"name":"Program in Epidemiology of Infection and Immunity"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and International Health, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.9.4361-4376.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200009290-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)77688-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199816000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5408.1748"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"3S","volume":"36","year":"1987","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control. 1987. 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