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In an attempt to shed light on this issue, we first exposed explants of human lymphoid tissue to isogenic viruses except for the presence or absence of host-derived ICAM-1. Incorporation of ICAM-1 alone increased HIV-1 infectivity for human tonsillar tissue cultured ex vivo. This observation was made for viruses bearing distinct coreceptor utilization profiles. Conversion of LFA-1 to a high-affinity-high-avidity state for ICAM-1 further augmented the susceptibility of human tonsillar histocultures to infection by ICAM-1-bearing virions. A more massive depletion of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T lymphocytes was seen with X4 ICAM-1\/POS viruses than with isogenic ICAM-1\/NEG virions. Exposure of X4 and R5 primary isolates of HIV-1 to a blocking anti-ICAM-1 antibody resulted in a decrease of virus infection. Finally, X4 and R5 virions derived from a natural human lymphoid tissue microenvironment incorporated high levels of ICAM-1. Altogether, these results indicate that the incorporation of host ICAM-1 can significantly modulate the biology of HIV-1 in a cellular milieu recognized as the major site of replication in vivo and suggest that host proteins found in HIV-1 particles may participate in the pathogenesis of this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.3.1004-1014.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]],"date-time":"2010-10-27T14:32:49Z","timestamp":1288189969000},"page":"1004-1014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Presence of Host ICAM-1 in Laboratory and Clinical Strains of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Increases Virus Infectivity and CD4<sup>+<\/sup>-T-Cell Depletion in Human Lymphoid Tissue, a Major Site of Replication In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Salim","family":"Bounou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques E.","family":"Leclerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De\u0301partement d\u2019Otolaryngologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Que\u0301bec, Ho\u0302pital CHUL, Ste-Foy, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel J.","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1470916"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.10.6332-6339.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M002198200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"117","year":"1989","unstructured":"Butcher, E. 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