{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T04:56:58Z","timestamp":1761541018477},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]],"date-time":"2002-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Pichinde virus is an arenavirus that infects guinea pigs and serves as an animal model for human Lassa fever. An attenuated Pichinde virus variant (P2) and a virulent variant (P18) are being used to delineate pathogenic mechanisms that culminate in shock. In guinea pigs, the infection has been shown to begin in peritoneal macrophages following intraperitoneal inoculation and then spreads to the spleen and other reticuloendothelial organs. We show here that infection of the murine monocytic cell line P388D1 with either Pichinde virus variant resulted in the induction of inflammatory cytokines and effectors, including interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Since these genes are regulated in part by the cellular transcription factors NF-\u03baB and RBP-J\u03ba, we compared the activities of NF-\u03baB and RBP-J\u03ba in P388D1 cells following infection with Pichinde virus. The attenuated P2 virus inhibited NF-\u03baB activation and caused a shift in the size of the RBP-J\u03ba complex. The virulent P18 virus showed less inhibition of NF-\u03baB and failed to alter the size of the RBP-J\u03ba complex. Peritoneal cells from P2-infected guinea pigs showed induction of NF-\u03baB RelA\/p50 heterodimer and p50\/p50 homodimer and manifested an increase in the size of RBP-J\u03ba. By contrast, P18 induced large amounts of the NF-\u03baB p50\/p50 dimer but failed to induce RelA\/p50 or to cause an increase in the RBP-J\u03ba size. Taken together, these changes suggest that the attenuated viral strain induces an \u201cactivation\u201d of macrophages, while the virulent form of the virus does not.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.3.1154-1162.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,27]],"date-time":"2010-10-27T14:32:49Z","timestamp":1288189969000},"page":"1154-1162","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Alterations in NF-\u03baB and RBP-J\u03ba by Arenavirus Infection of Macrophages In Vitro and In Vivo"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"S. M.","family":"Fennewald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. F.","family":"Aronson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. K.","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1993.1326"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"228","volume":"145","year":"1994","unstructured":"Aronson, J. F., N. K. Herzog, and T. R. Jerrells. 1994. Pathological and virological features of arenavirus disease in guinea pigs. Comparison of two Pichinde virus strains. Am. J. Pathol. 145 : 228\u2013235.","journal-title":"Am. J. 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