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When mice were immunized by DNA-based immunization with Tax expression plasmids, solid tumor formation upon subcutaneous inoculation of EL4 cells expressing green fluorescent protein-fused Tax (Gax) under the control of the HTLV-1 enhancer was strongly inhibited, and in vitro analysis showed that DNA immunization elicited cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses but not production of antibodies to Tax protein. Since EL4\/Gax cells inoculated into DNA-immunized mice were not completely eradicated but were maintained as small solid tumors for a long period, there appeared to be a certain equilibrium between CTL activity and the growth of Gax-expressing cells. With such a balance, expression of the Gax gene in EL4\/Gax cells was strongly suppressed. These results suggested that gene expression under the control of the HTLV-1 long terminal repeat and Tax is silenced in vivo, resulting in an equilibrium between viral expression and the host immune system. Such a balance would represent a status of persistent infection by HTLV-1 in virus-infected individuals during the latency period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.6.2703-2713.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:58:35Z","timestamp":1027763915000},"page":"2703-2713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Mouse Model for the Equilibration Interaction between the Host Immune System and Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Gene Expression"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Rika A.","family":"Furuta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology"},{"name":"Transplantation Center, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kikuya","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology"},{"name":"Transplantation Center, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigenari","family":"Kawakita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takefumi","family":"Inada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Ikehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pathology"},{"name":"Transplantation Center, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-ichi","family":"Fujisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology"},{"name":"Transplantation Center, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01197775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1652","volume":"241","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ballard, D. W., E. Bohnlein, J. W. Lowenthal, Y. Wano, B. R. Franza, and W. C. Greene. 1988. HTLV-I tax induces cellular proteins that activate the \u03baB element in the IL-2 receptor \u03b1 gene. 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