{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:16:08Z","timestamp":1790684168758,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A lethal disease of koi and common carp (species\n            <jats:italic>Cyprinus carpio<\/jats:italic>\n            ) has afflicted many fish farms worldwide since 1998, causing severe financial losses. Morbidity and mortality are restricted to common carp and koi and appear in spring and autumn, when water temperatures are 18 to 28\u00b0C. We have isolated the virus causing the disease from sick fish, propagated it in koi fin cell culture, and shown that virus from a single clone causes lethal disease in carp and koi upon infection. Intraperitoneal virus injection or bathing the fish in virus-containing water kills 85 to 100% of the fish within 7 to 21 days. This virus is similar to the previously reported koi herpesvirus; however, it has characteristics inconsistent with the herpesvirus family, and thus we have called it carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus. We examined the pathobiology of this disease in carp by using immunohistochemistry and PCR. We found large amounts of the virus in the kidneys of sick fish and smaller amounts in liver and brain. A rapid increase in the viral load in the kidneys was detected by using both immunofluorescence and semiquantitative PCR. Histological analyses of fish at various times after infection revealed signs of interstitial nephritis as early as 2 days postinfection, which increased in severity up to 10 days postinfection. There was severe gill disease evidenced by loss of villi with accompanying inflammation in the gill rakers. Minimal focal inflammation was noted in livers and brains. This report describes the etiology and pathology of a recently described viral agent in fish.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.78.17.9544-9551.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,13]],"date-time":"2004-08-13T08:58:05Z","timestamp":1092387485000},"page":"9544-9551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Pathogenesis of Acute Viral Disease Induced in Fish by Carp Interstitial Nephritis and Gill Necrosis Virus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Eli","family":"Pikarsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Ronen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Abramowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berta","family":"Levavi-Sivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Rehovot, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Hutoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yechiam","family":"Shapira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Rehovot, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Steinitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayana","family":"Perelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem"},{"name":"Aquaculture Research Station Dor, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Dor"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dov","family":"Soffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Kotler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"87","volume":"20","year":"2000","unstructured":"Body, A., F. Lieffrig, G. Charlier, and A. Collard. 2000. Isolation of virus-like particles from Koi (Cyprinus carpio) suffering gill necrosis. Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol.20:87-88.","journal-title":"Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.39-2-180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00492-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao048101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19323-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.2002.00355.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Harlow E. and D. Lane. 1988. Antibodies: a laboratory manual p. 632-633. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Cold Spring Harbor N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.32.127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1577\/1548-8667(2000)012<0044:AHAWMM>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao037013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1984.tb00927.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1986.tb00058.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"221","volume":"19","year":"1999","unstructured":"Neukirch, M., K. Bottcher, and S. Bunnajirakul. 1999. Isolation of a virus from Koi with altered gills. Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol.19:221-224.","journal-title":"Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.36.147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"5","volume":"55","year":"2003","unstructured":"Perelberg, A., M. Smirnov, M. Hutoran, A. Diamant, Y. Bejerano, and M. Kotler. 2003. Epidemiological description of a new viral disease afflicting cultured Cyprinus carpio in Israel. Israeli J. Aquaculture55:5-12.","journal-title":"Israeli J. Aquaculture"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00523-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Sambrook J. and D. W. Russell. 2001. Molecular cloning p 6.7-6.10. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Cold Spring Harbor N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"54","volume":"3","year":"1999","unstructured":"Walster, C. 1999. Clinical observations of severe mortalities in Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio, with gill disease. Fish Vet. J.3:54-58.","journal-title":"Fish Vet. J."}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.78.17.9544-9551.2004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.78.17.9544-9551.2004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T08:42:23Z","timestamp":1646469743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.78.17.9544-9551.2004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.78.17.9544-9551.2004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.78.17.9544-9551.2004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-02-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-05-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}