{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:54:39Z","timestamp":1791312879548,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,15]],"date-time":"2004-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1081987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma and exhibits high genetic stability in vivo. HTLV-1 contains four open reading frames (ORFs) in its pX region. ORF II encodes two proteins, p30\n            <jats:sup>II<\/jats:sup>\n            and p13\n            <jats:sup>II<\/jats:sup>\n            , both of which are incompletely characterized. p30\n            <jats:sup>II<\/jats:sup>\n            localizes to the nucleus or nucleolus and has distant homology to the transcription factors Oct-1, Pit-1, and POU-M1. In vitro studies have demonstrated that at low concentrations, p30\n            <jats:sup>II<\/jats:sup>\n            differentially regulates cellular and viral promoters through an interaction with CREB binding protein\/p300. To determine the in vivo significance of p30\n            <jats:sup>II<\/jats:sup>\n            , we inoculated rabbits with cell lines expressing either a wild-type clone of HTLV-1 (ACH.1) or a clone containing a mutation in ORF II, which eliminated wild-type p30\n            <jats:sup>II<\/jats:sup>\n            expression (ACH.30.1). ACH.1-inoculated rabbits maintained higher HTLV-1-specific antibody titers than ACH.30.1-inoculated rabbits, and all ACH.1-inoculated rabbits were seropositive for HTLV-1, whereas only two of six ACH.30.1-inoculated rabbits were seropositive. Provirus could be consistently PCR amplified from peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA in all ACH.1-inoculated rabbits but in only three of six ACH.30.1-inoculated rabbits. Quantitative competitive PCR indicated higher PBMC proviral loads in ACH.1-inoculated rabbits. Interestingly, sequencing of ORF II from PBMC of provirus-positive ACH.30.1-inoculated rabbits revealed a reversion to wild-type sequence with evidence of early coexistence of mutant and wild-type sequence. Our data provide evidence that HTLV-1 must maintain its key accessory genes to survive in vivo and that in vivo pressures select for maintenance of wild-type ORF II gene products during the early course of infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.78.8.3837-3845.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,26]],"date-time":"2004-03-26T18:33:15Z","timestamp":1080325995000},"page":"3837-3845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Open Reading Frame II-Encoded p30\n            <sup>II<\/sup>\n            Is Required for In Vivo Replication: Evidence of In Vivo Reversion"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Lee R.","family":"Silverman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Retrovirus Research and Department of Veterinary Biosciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Phipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Retrovirus Research and Department of Veterinary Biosciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Retrovirus Research and Department of Veterinary Biosciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Ratner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pathology, and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Lairmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Retrovirus Research and Department of Veterinary Biosciences"},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Arthur James Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.21.9828-9835.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(98)00087-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.7.3493-3501.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.66.3.396-406.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.3.1094-1100.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.7.3005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970410)71:2<196::AID-IJC12>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.3.1737-1745.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V91.12.4701.412k23_4701_4707"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.10.7241-7246.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203023200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8781"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.20.10374-10382.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.16.7672-7682.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.10.3619.bloodjournal86103619"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Green P. 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