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Nonetheless, as new infectious agents emerge and the number of vaccine-preventable diseases increases, the practice and benefits of single-pathogen- or disease-targeted vaccination may be put at risk by constraints of timely production, formulation complexity, and regulatory hurdles. During the last influenza pandemic, extraordinary efforts by vaccine producers and health authorities have had little or no influence on disease prevention or mitigation. Recent research demonstrating the possibility of protecting against all influenza A virus types or even phylogenetically distant pathogens with vaccines based on highly conserved peptide or saccharide sequences is changing our paradigm. \u201cUniversal vaccine\u201d strategies could be particularly advantageous to address protection from antibiotic-resistant bacteria and fungi for which no vaccine is currently available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00042-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,28]],"date-time":"2010-04-28T19:46:02Z","timestamp":1272483962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Universal Vaccines: Shifting to One for Many"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cassone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, Rome, Italy,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rino","family":"Rappuoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01001-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.132"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00473-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bsp.2009.0729"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00018-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1109-1251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/dnp.2009.22.2.1334451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.10.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/ahe.09.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.4513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000695"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01093-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70016-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050749"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00278-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.6.3175","article-title":"Idiotypic intravaginal vaccination to protect against candidal vaginitis by secretory yeast, killer toxin-like antiidiotypic antibodies","volume":"152","author":"Polonelli L.","year":"1994","unstructured":"PolonelliL. 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