{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T16:50:53Z","timestamp":1761929453607,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]],"date-time":"2010-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1274140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]],"date-time":"2010-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1274140800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is\u00a0not understood why only some infections with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:named-content>result in disease. The calcium-regulated transcription factor upstream regulatory element 3-binding protein (URE3-BP) was initially identified by virtue of its role in regulating the expression of two amebic virulence genes, the Gal\/GalNac lectin and ferredoxin. Here we tested whether this transcription factor has a broader role in regulating virulence. A comparison of<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>to<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>parasite gene expression demonstrated that 39% of<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>regulated transcripts contained the URE3 motif recognized by URE3-BP, compared to 23% of all promoters (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.0001). Amebae induced to express a dominant positive mutant form of URE3-BP had an increase in an elongated morphology (30% \u00b1 6% versus 14% \u00b1 5%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.001), a 2-fold competitive advantage at invading the intestinal epithelium (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.017), and a 3-fold increase in liver abscess size (0.1 \u00b1 0.1\u00a0g versus 0.036 \u00b1 0.1\u00a0g;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.03). These results support a role for URE3-BP in virulence regulation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>Amebic dysentery and liver abscess are caused by<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:named-content>. Amebae colonize the colon and cause disease by invading the intestinal epithelium. However, only one in five<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. histolytica<\/jats:named-content>infections leads to disease. The factors that govern the transition from colonization to invasion are\u00a0not understood. The transcription factor upstream regulatory element 3-binding protein (URE3-BP) is a calcium-responding regulator of the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. histolytica<\/jats:named-content>Gal\/GalNAc lectin and ferredoxin genes, both implicated in virulence. Here we discovered that inducible expression of URE3-BP changed trophozoite morphology and promoted parasite invasion in the colon and liver. These results indicate that one determinant of virulence is transcriptional regulation by URE3-BP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00057-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,8]],"date-time":"2010-03-08T21:29:30Z","timestamp":1268083770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Regulation of Virulence of Entamoeba histolytica by the URE3-BP Transcription Factor"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellyn S.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina B.","family":"Bousquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne A.","family":"Lannigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"William A.","family":"Petri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"},{"name":"Departments of Microbiology"},{"name":"Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.904-909.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022710"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"Mandell G. 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