{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:16:54Z","timestamp":1792120614622,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Pew Charitable Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Entamoeba histolytica<\/jats:named-content>\n                    causes amoebiasis, a potentially fatal diarrheal disease. Abscesses in organs such as the liver can occur when amoebae are able to breach the intestinal wall and travel through the bloodstream to other areas of the body. Therefore, understanding how\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. histolytica<\/jats:named-content>\n                    evades immune detection is of great interest. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. histolytica<\/jats:named-content>\n                    acquires and displays human cell membrane proteins by taking \u201cbites\u201d of human cell material in a process named trogocytosis (\u201ctrogo-\u201d means \u201cnibble\u201d), and that this allows amoebae to survive in human serum. Display of acquired proteins through trogocytosis has been previously characterized only in mammalian immune cells. Our study suggests that this is a more general feature of trogocytosis not restricted to immune cells and broadens our knowledge of eukaryotic biology. These findings also reveal a novel strategy for immune evasion by a pathogen and may apply to the pathogenesis of other infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00068-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T10:52:14Z","timestamp":1556535134000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Trogocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica Mediates Acquisition and Display of Human Cell Membrane Proteins and Evasion of Lysis by Human Serum"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hannah W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene L.","family":"Suleiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine S.","family":"Ralston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.69.398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00349-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2009.00242.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv772"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2011.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.152.2.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Studies on the cytopathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica","volume":"11","author":"Ravdin JI","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ravdin JI, Guerrant RL. 1980. Studies on the cytopathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica. Arch Invest Med (Mex) 11:123\u2013128.","journal-title":"Arch Invest Med (Mex)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110377"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.12.4681-4683.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2012.01752.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2001.00086.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.163.3.536"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600623103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01607.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.2.2.295-305.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.7.2602"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01325.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.56.6.1505-1512.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2015.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-12-3-363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4827(85)80006-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35078099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09863"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404651111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03566-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2003885"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-15-0335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1615973114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2011.62"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-12-473744"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3284446"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.5.1636-1640.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00604.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller HW Suleiman RL Ralston KS. 2018. Trogocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica mediates acquisition and display of human cell membrane proteins and evasion of lysis by human serum. bioRxiv 487314. https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/487314v1.","DOI":"10.1101\/487314"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2015.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00015-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.3208-3215.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.47.3.236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","first-page":"173","article-title":"Effect of complement depletion on the induction of amebic liver abscess in the hamster","volume":"11","author":"Capin R","year":"1980","unstructured":"Capin R, Capin NR, Carmona M, Ort\u00edz-Ort\u00edz L. 1980. Effect of complement depletion on the induction of amebic liver abscess in the hamster. Arch Invest Med (Mex) 11:173\u2013180.","journal-title":"Arch Invest Med (Mex)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.922"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-23"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.136.6.2265","article-title":"Activation of complement by pathogenic and nonpathogenic Entamoeba histolytica","volume":"136","author":"Reed SL","year":"1986","unstructured":"Reed SL, Curd JG, Gigli I, Gillin FD, Braude AI. 1986. Activation of complement by pathogenic and nonpathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. J Immunol 136:2265\u20132270.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1768-322X.1987.tb00536.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115931"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1262-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.1.266","article-title":"The extracellular neutral cysteine proteinase of Entamoeba histolytica degrades anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a","volume":"155","author":"Reed SL","year":"1995","unstructured":"Reed SL, Ember JA, Herdman DS, DiScipio RG, Hugli TE, Gigli I. 1995. The extracellular neutral cysteine proteinase of Entamoeba histolytica degrades anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. J Immunol 155:266\u2013274.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.1.189","article-title":"Cleavage of C3 by a neutral cysteine proteinase of Entamoeba histolytica","volume":"143","author":"Reed SL","year":"1989","unstructured":"Reed SL, Keene WE, McKerrow JH, Gigli I. 1989. Cleavage of C3 by a neutral cysteine proteinase of Entamoeba histolytica. J Immunol 143:189\u2013195.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","first-page":"467","article-title":"Loss of susceptibility to complement lysis in Entamoeba histolytica HM1 by treatment with human serum","volume":"58","author":"Calderon J","year":"1986","unstructured":"Calderon J, Tovar R. 1986. Loss of susceptibility to complement lysis in Entamoeba histolytica HM1 by treatment with human serum. Immunology 58:467\u2013471.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20180713"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.10625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01455-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.2.964-972.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/926706"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2015.11.004"}],"container-title":["mBio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.00068-19","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.00068-19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,16]],"date-time":"2023-09-16T00:48:51Z","timestamp":1694825331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mBio.00068-19"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Patricia J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mBio.00068-19"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.00068-19","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/487314","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2161-2129","2150-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2161-2129","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00068-19"}}