{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:01:58Z","timestamp":1791414118616,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]],"date-time":"2012-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,2]],"date-time":"2012-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The structure, assembly, and function of the bacterial flagellum involves about 60 different proteins, many of which are selectively secreted via a specific type III secretion system (T3SS) (J. Frye et al., J. Bacteriol. 188:2233\u20132243, 2006). The T3SS is reported to secrete proteins at rates of up to 10,000\u00a0amino acid residues per second. In this work, we showed that the flagellar T3SS of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Typhimurium could be manipulated to export recombinant nonflagellar proteins through the flagellum and into the surrounding medium. We translationally fused various neuroactive peptides and proteins from snails, spiders, snakes, sea anemone, and bacteria to the flagellar secretion substrate FlgM. We found that all tested peptides of various sizes were secreted via the bacterial flagellar T3SS. We subsequently purified the recombinant \u03bc-conotoxin SIIIA (rSIIIA) from\n            <jats:italic>Conus striatus<\/jats:italic>\n            by affinity chromatography and confirmed that T3SS-derived rSIIIA inhibited mammalian voltage-gated sodium channel Na\n            <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n            1.2 comparably to chemically synthesized SIIIA.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Manipulation of the flagellar secretion system bypasses the problems of inclusion body formation and cellular degradation that occur during conventional recombinant protein expression. This work serves as a proof of principle for the use of engineered bacterial cells for rapid purification of recombinant neuroactive peptides and proteins by exploiting secretion via the well-characterized flagellator type III secretion system.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00115-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,30]],"date-time":"2012-05-30T05:50:50Z","timestamp":1338357050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Selective Purification of Recombinant Neuroactive Peptides Using the Flagellar Type III Secretion System"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Hanna M.","family":"Singer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e8partement de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Erhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e8partement de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doju","family":"Yoshikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Bulaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baldomero M.","family":"Olivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly T.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e8partement de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Venom peptides as human pharmaceuticals","volume":"4","author":"Miljanich G","year":"1997","unstructured":"MiljanichG . 1997. 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