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Under appropriate thermal conditions, mononuclear yeast forms alternate with multi-nucleate hyphae. Here, we describe a dimorphic mucoralean fungus obtained from the sputum of a patient with Burkitt lymphoma and ongoing graft-versus-host reactions. The fungus is described as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mucor germinans<\/jats:italic>\n                      sp. nov. Laboratory studies were performed to simulate temperature-dependent dimorphism, with two environmental strains\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mucor circinelloides<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mucor kunryangriensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      as controls. Both strains could be induced to form multinucleate arthrospores and subsequent yeast-like cells\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Multilateral yeast cells emerge in all three\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mucor species<\/jats:italic>\n                      at elevated temperatures. This morphological transformation appears to occur at body temperature since the yeast-like cells were observed in the lungs of our immunocompromised patient. The microscopic appearance of the yeast-like cells in the clinical samples is easily confused with that of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Paracoccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The ecological role of yeast forms in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mucorales<\/jats:italic>\n                      is discussed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Mucormycosis is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality in susceptible patients. Accurate diagnosis is required for timely clinical management since antifungal susceptibility differs between species. Irregular hyphal elements are usually taken as the hallmark of mucormycosis, but here, we show that some species may also produce yeast-like cells, potentially being mistaken for\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                        or\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Paracoccidioides<\/jats:italic>\n                        . We demonstrate that the dimorphic transition is common in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mucor<\/jats:italic>\n                        species and can be driven by many factors. The multi-nucleate yeast-like cells provide an effective parameter to distinguish mucoralean infections from similar yeast-like species in clinical samples.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00144-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T06:19:01Z","timestamp":1719901141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<i>Mucor germinans,<\/i>\n                    a novel dimorphic species resembling\n                    <i>Paracoccidioides<\/i>\n                    in a clinical sample: questions on ecological strategy"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4713-0705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, China"]},{"name":"RadboudUMC-CWZ Center for Expertise in Mycology","place":["Nijmegen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Bowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5344-257X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sybren","family":"de Hoog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou, Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University","place":["Guiyang, China"]},{"name":"RadboudUMC-CWZ Center for Expertise in Mycology","place":["Nijmegen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chioma I.","family":"Aneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Ho","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherin","family":"Shahegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cuellar-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7736-2056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Kanakry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Rodriguez Pena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health","place":["Bethesda, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0155-8113","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RadboudUMC-CWZ Center for Expertise in Mycology","place":["Nijmegen, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5206-2647","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdullah M. 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