{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:40:57Z","timestamp":1791182457406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,3]],"date-time":"2012-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]],"date-time":"2012-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            causes enormous economic losses to swine production worldwide by colonizing the ciliated epithelium in the porcine respiratory tract, resulting in widespread damage to the mucociliary escalator, prolonged inflammation, reduced weight gain, and secondary infections. Protein Mhp684 (P146) comprises 1,317\u00a0amino acids, and while the N-terminal 400 residues display significant sequence identity to the archetype cilium adhesin P97, the remainder of the molecule is novel and displays unusual motifs. Proteome analysis shows that P146 preprotein is endogenously cleaved into three major fragments identified here as P50\n            <jats:sub>P146<\/jats:sub>\n            , P40\n            <jats:sub>P146<\/jats:sub>\n            , and P85\n            <jats:sub>P146<\/jats:sub>\n            that reside on the cell surface. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) identified a semitryptic peptide that delineated a major cleavage site in Mhp684. Cleavage occurred at the phenylalanine residue within sequence\n            <jats:sup>672<\/jats:sup>\n            ATEF\u2193QQ\n            <jats:sup>677<\/jats:sup>\n            , consistent with a cleavage motif resembling S\/T-X-F\u2193X-D\/E recently identified in Mhp683 and other P97\/P102 family members. Biotinylated surface proteins recovered by avidin chromatography and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D GE) showed that more-extensive endoproteolytic cleavage of P146 occurs. Recombinant fragments F1\n            <jats:sub>P146<\/jats:sub>\n            -F3\n            <jats:sub>P146<\/jats:sub>\n            that mimic P50\n            <jats:sub>P146<\/jats:sub>\n            , P40\n            <jats:sub>P146<\/jats:sub>\n            , and P85\n            <jats:sub>P146<\/jats:sub>\n            were constructed and shown to bind porcine epithelial cilia and biotinylated heparin with physiologically relevant affinity. Recombinant versions of F3\n            <jats:sub>P146<\/jats:sub>\n            generated from\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain J and 232 sequences strongly bind porcine plasminogen, and the removal of their respective C-terminal lysine and arginine residues significantly reduces this interaction. These data reveal that P146 is an extensively processed, multifunctional adhesin of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Extensive cleavage coupled with variable cleavage efficiency provides a mechanism by which\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            regulates protein topography.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Vaccines used to control\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection provide only partial protection. Proteins of the P97\/P102 families are highly expressed, functionally redundant molecules that are substrates of endoproteases that generate multifunctional adhesin fragments on the cell surface. We show that P146 displays a chimeric structure consisting of an N terminus, which shares sequence identity with P97, and novel central and C-terminal regions. P146 is endoproteolytically processed at multiple sites, generating at least nine fragments on the surface of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Dominant cleavage events occurred at S\/T-X-F\u2193X-D\/E-like sites generating P50\n            <jats:sub>P146<\/jats:sub>\n            , P40\n            <jats:sub>P146<\/jats:sub>\n            , and P85\n            <jats:sub>P146<\/jats:sub>\n            . Recombinant proteins designed to mimic the major cleavage fragments bind porcine cilia, heparin, and plasminogen. P146 undergoes endoproteolytic processing events at multiple sites and with differential processing efficiency, generating combinatorial diversity on the surface of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. hyopneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00282-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,4]],"date-time":"2012-04-04T05:27:20Z","timestamp":1333517240000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Characterization of Cleavage Events in the Multifunctional Cilium Adhesin Mhp684 (P146) Reveals a Mechanism by Which Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Regulates Surface Topography"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Bogema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Camden, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ania T.","family":"Deutscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Camden, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren K.","family":"Woolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Camden, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Seymour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin B. 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