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A major question is how pathogens control the timing of virulence gene expression during infection. Here we report that the intracellular pathogen\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            controls the timing and level of virulence gene expression by using an inhibitory protein, EIIA\n            <jats:sup>Ntr<\/jats:sup>\n            . A DNA binding master virulence regulator, PhoP, controls various virulence genes inside acidic phagosomes.\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            decreases EIIA\n            <jats:sup>Ntr<\/jats:sup>\n            amounts at acidic pH in a Lon- and PhoP-dependent manner. This, in turn, promotes expression of the PhoP-activated virulence program because EIIA\n            <jats:sup>Ntr<\/jats:sup>\n            hampers activation of PhoP-regulated genes by interfering with PhoP binding to DNA. EIIA\n            <jats:sup>Ntr<\/jats:sup>\n            enables\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            to impede the activation of PhoP-regulated gene expression inside macrophages. Our findings suggest that\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            achieves programmed delay of virulence gene activation by adjusting levels of an inhibitory factor.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00291-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T10:39:45Z","timestamp":1554719985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Programmed Delay of a Virulence Circuit Promotes\n            <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n            Pathogenicity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jeongjoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National 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