{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:15:21Z","timestamp":1793060121227,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,8]],"date-time":"2011-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1297123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Lytic bacteriophages are hypothesized to contribute to the seasonality and duration of cholera epidemics in Bangladesh. However, the bacteriophages contributing to this phenomenon have yet to be characterized at a molecular genetic level. In this study, we isolated and sequenced the genomes of 15 bacteriophages from stool samples from cholera patients spanning a 10-year surveillance period in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Our results indicate that a single novel bacteriophage type, designated ICP1 (for the\n            <jats:underline>I<\/jats:underline>\n            nternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh\n            <jats:underline>c<\/jats:underline>\n            holera\n            <jats:underline>p<\/jats:underline>\n            hage\n            <jats:underline>\n              <jats:underline>1<\/jats:underline>\n            <\/jats:underline>\n            ) is present in all stool samples from cholera patients, while two other bacteriophage types, one novel (ICP2) and one T7-like (ICP3), are transient. ICP1 is a member of the\n            <jats:italic>Myoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n            family and has a 126-kilobase genome comprising 230 open reading frames. Comparative sequence analysis of ICP1 and related isolates from this time period indicates a high level of genetic conservation. The ubiquitous presence of ICP1 in cholera patients and the finding that the O1 antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serves as the ICP1 receptor suggest that ICP1 is extremely well adapted to predation of human-pathogenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            O1.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            The severe diarrheal disease cholera is caused by the bacterium\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , which can be transmitted to humans from the aquatic environment. Factors that affect\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            in the environment can impact the occurrence of cholera outbreaks; one of these factors is thought to be the presence of bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages. Bacteriophages that prey on\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            in the environment, and potentially in humans, have not been extensively genetically characterized. Here, we isolated and sequenced the genomes of bacteriophages from cholera patient stool samples collected over a 10-year period in Dhaka, Bangladesh, a region that suffers from regular cholera outbreaks. We describe a unique bacteriophage present in all samples, infer its evolution by sequencing multiple isolates from different patients over time, and identify the host receptor that shows that the bacteriophage specifically predates the serogroup of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            responsible for the majority of disease occurrences.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00334-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]],"date-time":"2011-02-10T01:13:00Z","timestamp":1297300380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Evidence of a Dominant Lineage of Vibrio cholerae-Specific Lytic Bacteriophages Shed by Cholera Patients over a 10-Year Period in Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Kimberley D.","family":"Seed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kip L.","family":"Bodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Kropinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Wolfgang","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Calderwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firdausi","family":"Qadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Camilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70138-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1473","article-title":"Update: cholera outbreak\u2014Haiti, 2010","volume":"59","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2010","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 2010. 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