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The mechanisms responsible for initiating infection in susceptible cells are not completely known. The major attachment receptor for the virus, lactoseries tetrasaccharide c (LSTc), is paradoxically not expressed on oligodendrocytes or astrocytes in human brain, and virus does not bind to these cells. Because these are the major cell types targeted by the virus in the brain, we hypothesized that alternative mechanisms of infection must be responsible. Here we provide evidence that JCPyV is packaged in extracellular vesicles from infected cells. Infection of target cells by vesicle-associated virus is not dependent on LSTc and is not neutralized by antisera directed against the virus. This is the first demonstration of a polyomavirus using extracellular vesicles as a means of transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00379-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T10:39:45Z","timestamp":1554719985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["JC Polyomavirus Uses Extracellular Vesicles To Infect Target Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jenna","family":"Morris-Love","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gretchen V.","family":"Gee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and 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