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Vaccines can reduce the prevalence of resistance by reducing the need for antimicrobial use and can reduce its impact by reducing the total number of cases. By reducing the number of pathogens that may be responsible for a particular clinical syndrome, vaccines can permit the use of narrower-spectrum antibiotics for empirical therapy. These effects may be amplified by herd immunity, extending protection to unvaccinated persons in the population. Because much selection for resistance is due to selection on bystander members of the normal flora, vaccination can reduce pressure for resistance even in pathogens not included in the vaccine. Some vaccines have had disproportionate effects on drug-resistant lineages within the target species, a benefit that could be more deliberately exploited in vaccine design. We describe the effects of current vaccines in controlling AMR, survey some vaccines in development with the potential to do so further, and discuss strategies to amplify these benefits. We conclude with a discussion of research and policy priorities to more fully enlist vaccines in the battle against AMR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00428-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,7]],"date-time":"2016-06-07T20:58:46Z","timestamp":1465333126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":189,"title":["How Can Vaccines Contribute to Solving the Antimicrobial Resistance Problem?"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Lipsitch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology and Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George R.","family":"Siber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ClearPath Vaccines, Rockville, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States 2013. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/pdf\/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","unstructured":"Review on Antimicrobial Resistance. 2014. Antimicrobial resistance: tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations. London United Kingdom. http:\/\/amr-review.org\/sites\/default\/files\/AMR%20Review%20Paper%20-%20Tackling%20a%20crisis%20for%20the%20health%20and%20wealth%20of%20nations_1.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"White House. 2014. 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