{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:07:41Z","timestamp":1790399261148,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]],"date-time":"2016-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycoplasma mobile<\/jats:named-content>\n            , a fish-pathogenic bacterium, features a protrusion that enables it to glide smoothly on solid surfaces at a velocity of up to 4.5\u00a0\u00b5m s\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            in the direction of the protrusion.\n            <jats:italic>M.\u00a0mobile<\/jats:italic>\n            glides by a repeated catch-pull-release of sialylated oligosaccharides fixed on a solid surface by hundreds of 50-nm flexible \u201clegs\u201d sticking out from the protrusion. This gliding mechanism may be explained by a possible directed binding of each leg with sialylated oligosaccharides, by which the leg can be detached more easily forward than backward. In the present study, we used a polystyrene bead held by optical tweezers to detach a starved cell at rest from a glass surface coated with sialylated oligosaccharides and concluded that the detachment force forward is 1.6- to 1.8-fold less than that backward, which may be linked to a catch bond-like behavior of the cell. These results suggest that this directed binding has a critical role in the gliding mechanism.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            <jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            species are the smallest bacteria and are parasitic and occasionally commensal, as represented by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , which causes so-called \u201cwalking pneumonia\u201d in humans. Dozens of species glide on host tissues, always in the direction of the characteristic cellular protrusion, by novel mechanisms. The fastest species,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycoplasma mobile<\/jats:named-content>\n            , catches, pulls, and releases sialylated oligosaccharides (SOs), which are common targets among influenza viruses, by means of a specific receptor based on the energy of ATP hydrolysis. Here, force measurements made with optical tweezers revealed that the force required to detach a cell from SOs is smaller forward than backward along the gliding direction. The directed binding should be a clue to elucidate this novel motility mechanism.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00455-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T18:20:21Z","timestamp":1467224421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Directed Binding of Gliding Bacterium, Mycoplasma mobile, Shown by Detachment Force and Bond Lifetime"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Nakane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Nishizaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7478-7390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2009.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1094-1156.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2015.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Mollicutes:Molecular biology and pathogenesis","author":"Miyata M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miyata M, Nakane D. 2013. 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