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IncA\/C conjugative plasmids (ACPs) are efficient vehicles for dissemination of multidrug resistance genes in a broad range of pathogenic species of\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n            . ACPs have sporadically been reported in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the infectious agent of the diarrheal disease cholera. The regulatory network that controls ACP mobility ultimately depends on the transcriptional activation of multiple ACP-borne operons by the master activator AcaCD. Beyond ACP conjugation, AcaCD has also recently been shown to activate the expression of genes located in the\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            genomic island 1 (SGI1). Here, we describe MGI\n            <jats:italic>Vch<\/jats:italic>\n            Hai6, a novel and unrelated mobilizable genomic island (MGI) integrated into the 3\u2032 end of\n            <jats:italic>trmE<\/jats:italic>\n            in chromosome I of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            HC-36A1, a non-O1\/non-O139 multidrug-resistant clinical isolate recovered from Haiti in 2010. MGI\n            <jats:italic>Vch<\/jats:italic>\n            Hai6 contains a mercury resistance transposon and an integron In104-like multidrug resistance element similar to the one of SGI1. We show that MGI\n            <jats:italic>Vch<\/jats:italic>\n            Hai6 excises from the chromosome in an AcaCD-dependent manner and is mobilized by ACPs. Acquisition of MGI\n            <jats:italic>Vch<\/jats:italic>\n            Hai6 confers resistance to \u03b2-lactams, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and streptomycin\/spectinomycin.\n            <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic>\n            analyses revealed that MGI\n            <jats:italic>Vch<\/jats:italic>\n            Hai6-like elements are carried by several environmental and clinical\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains recovered from the Indian subcontinent, as well as from North and South America, including all non-O1\/non-O139 clinical isolates from Haiti.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the causative agent of cholera, remains a global public health threat. Seventh-pandemic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            acquired multidrug resistance genes primarily through circulation of SXT\/R391 integrative and conjugative elements. IncA\/C conjugative plasmids have sporadically been reported to mediate antimicrobial resistance in environmental and clinical\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            isolates. Our results showed that while IncA\/C plasmids are rare in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            populations, they play an important yet insidious role by specifically propagating a new family of genomic islands conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics. These results suggest that nonepidemic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            non-O1\/non-O139 strains bearing these genomic islands constitute a reservoir of transmissible resistance genes that can be propagated by IncA\/C plasmids to\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            populations in epidemic geographical areas as well to pathogenic species of\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n            . We recommend future epidemiological surveys take into account the circulation of these genomic islands.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00509-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,20]],"date-time":"2016-07-20T01:13:15Z","timestamp":1468977195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["IncA\/C Conjugative Plasmids Mobilize a New Family of Multidrug Resistance Islands in Clinical Vibrio cholerae Non-O1\/Non-O139 Isolates from Haiti"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Carraro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Rivard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita R.","family":"Colwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Burrus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, D\u00e9partement de Biologie, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60436-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1910"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-011-0221-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1207359109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01356-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2010.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"225","article-title":"Antimicrobials and cholera: are we stranded?","volume":"133","author":"Ghosh A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghosh A, Ramamurthy T. 2011. 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