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Despite considerable predicted diversity between strains carrying the common Paratyphi B serotype, there remain few methods that subdivide the group into groups that are congruent with their disease phenotypes. Paratyphi B therefore represents one of the canonical examples in\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            where serotyping combined with classical microbiological tests fails to provide clinically informative information. Here, we use genomics to provide the first high-resolution view of this serotype, placing it into a wider genomic context of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            species. These analyses reveal why it has been impossible to subdivide this serotype based upon phenotypic and limited molecular approaches. By examining the genomic data in detail, we are able to identify common features that correlate with strains of clinical importance. The results presented here provide new diagnostic targets, as well as posing important new questions about the basis for the invasive disease phenotype observed in a subset of strains.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains carrying the serotype Paratyphi B have long been known to possess Jekyll and Hyde characteristics; some cause gastroenteritis, while others cause serious invasive disease. Understanding what makes up the population of strains carrying this serotype, as well as the source of their invasive disease, is a 100-year-old puzzle that we address here using genomics. Our analysis provides the first high-resolution view of this serotype, placing strains carrying serotype Paratyphi B into the wider genomic context of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            species. This work reveals a history of disease dating back to the middle ages, caused by a group of distinct lineages with various abilities to cause invasive disease. By quantifying the key genomic differences between the invasive and noninvasive populations, we are able to identify key virulence-related targets that can form the basis of simple, rapid, point-of-care tests.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00527-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T00:58:21Z","timestamp":1472000301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["What\u2019s in a Name? Species-Wide Whole-Genome Sequencing Resolves Invasive and Noninvasive Lineages of Salmonella enterica Serotype Paratyphi B"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Connor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sian V.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiff University School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gemma","family":"Langridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satheesh","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Dallman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Corander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristine C.","family":"Tabing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology and Enteric Disease Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Le Hello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 des Bact\u00e9ries Pathog\u00e8nes Ent\u00e9riques, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Fookes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Doublet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Nouzilly, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Tours, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhemin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Feltwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Ellington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro 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