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Based on\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      analyses, both proteins were predicted to be major pilins in all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains and nearly all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. Utilizing immunoblot analysis of sheared-cell supernatants, immunofluorescence microscopy, and whole-cell ELISA, we confirmed that PilA2 (but not PilA1) behaves as a major pilin, and mutant analysis documented that PilA2-containing type IV pili (T4P) are required for DNA uptake, and subject to retraction by PilT. Unexpectedly, a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pilA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant, but not its complement, had impaired growth on solid and liquid media depleted of iron, indicating that PilA2 can promote growth in low-iron conditions. However, mutants lacking PilT, PilD, or PilS\/PilR did not exhibit this phenotype, implying that PilA2\u2019s newfound role does not involve inclusion into T4P, cleavage\/maturation from prepilin to pilin, or the signal transduction pathway that often modulates the expression of pilin, along with other genes. Mutants lacking the FeoB Fe\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      transporter, LbtC siderophore transporter, or Ccm cytochrome maturation showed even greater defects on low-iron agar media when\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pilA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutations were introduced into them, suggesting that PilA2 functions within a novel iron-uptake pathway. Compatible with this, the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pilA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant, but not its complement, exhibited increased resistance to streptonigrin and heightened expression of iron-regulated genes. Finally, although unimpaired for growth within amoebae, the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pilA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutant displayed increased biofilm formation. Overall, this study reveals a novel role for a type IV pilin in bacterial growth in iron acquisition\/assimilation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      is the main cause of Legionnaires\u2019 disease, an increasingly prevalent pneumonia. Prior studies indicated that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      expresses type IV pili, a common form of pili that is mainly known for mediating DNA uptake, twitching motility, and attachment to biotic and abiotic surfaces. By utilizing a variety of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      and experimental approaches, wehave helped redefine the major structural component (pilin) of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      pili. More significantly, we uncovered a heretofore unknown and seemingly novel role for the pilin in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      growth in low-iron conditions and iron acquisition\/assimilation. These findings have broad implications for understanding other bacteria and infectious diseases, as well as offering fresh insight into the roles of pilins in bacterial physiology and the mechanisms of iron assimilation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00596-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T13:00:16Z","timestamp":1777035616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Major type IV pilin of\n                    <i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>\n                    enhances bacterial iron acquisition\/assimilation, independently of its role in piliation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Armando","family":"Barajas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00m6w7z96","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Microbiology 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