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Therefore, the use of nonhuman primate models is necessary to study mechanisms of neuropathogenesis. The neurotropic, molecular clone SIVsm804E-CL757 (CL757) results in neuroAIDS in 50% of infected rhesus macaques approximately 1 year postinfection. Using CL757-infected macaques, we investigate disease progression by examining subsets of cells within the CNS that were targeted by CL757 and could potentially serve as viral reservoirs. By isolating mononuclear cells from the brains of SIV-infected rhesus macaques with and without encephalitis, we show that immune cells invade the neuroparenchyma and increase in number in the CNS in animals with SIV-induced encephalitis (SIVE). Of these cells, both brain macrophages and brain memory CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells harbor replication-competent SIV DNA; however, only brain CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells harbored SIV DNA in animals without SIVE. These findings support use of CL757 as an important model to investigate disease progression in the CNS and as a model to study virus reservoirs in the CNS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00602-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T15:03:49Z","timestamp":1587395029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Memory CD4<sup>+<\/sup>T Cells Infiltrate to the Site of Infected Macrophages in the Neuroparenchyma of a Chronic Macaque Model of Neurological Complications of AIDS"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Cheri A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID\/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Beasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID\/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthikeyan","family":"Sundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID\/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margery","family":"Smelkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Imaging, Research Technology Branch, NIAID\/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Vinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID\/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Deleage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID\/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID\/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake D.","family":"Estes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Beaverton, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard A. 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