{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T22:42:11Z","timestamp":1787611331349,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747180800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32270170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province","award":["2024RC1028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024RC1028"]}]},{"name":"Fund of Hunan University","award":["521119400156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["521119400156"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signaling adaptor that is essential for the host immune response triggered by DNA pathogens. Precise regulation of STING is crucial for maintaining a balanced immune response and preventing harmful autoinflammation. Activation of STING requires its translocation from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. However, the mechanisms that maintain STING in its resting state remain largely unclear. Here, we find that deficiency of the ancient ubiquitous protein 1 (AUP1) causes spontaneous activation of STING and enhances the expression of type I interferons (IFNs) under resting conditions. Furthermore, deficiency of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">UBE2G2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a cofactor of AUP1, also promotes the abnormal activation of STING.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">AUP1<\/jats:italic>\n                      deficiency significantly enhances STING signaling induced by DNA virus, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">AUP1<\/jats:italic>\n                      deficiency exhibits increased resistance to DNA virus infection\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Mechanistically, AUP1 may form a complex with UBE2G2 to interact with STING, preventing its exit from the ER membrane. Notably, infection with the RNA virus vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) promotes the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) and AUP1 proteins. Additionally,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">AUP1<\/jats:italic>\n                      deficiency markedly inhibits the replication of VSV because AUP1 deficiency reduces lipid accumulation and alters the expression of lipid metabolism genes, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">CPT1A<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), monoglyceride lipase (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">MGLL<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SREBF1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). This study uncovers the essential roles of AUP1 in the STING signaling pathway and lipid metabolism pathway, highlighting its dual role in regulating virus replication.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling cascade plays an essential role in coordinating innate immunity against DNA pathogens and autoimmunity. Precise regulation of the innate immune response is essential for maintaining homeostasis. In this study, we demonstrate that ancient ubiquitous protein 1 (AUP1) and UBE2G2 act as negative regulators of the innate immune response by targeting STING. Notably, AUP1 interacts with STING to retain STING in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), preventing STING translocation and thereby limiting STING signaling in the resting state. In addition, deficiency of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">AUP1<\/jats:italic>\n                        markedly inhibits the replication of DNA virus and RNA virus. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of STING signaling and confirm AUP1 has a dual role in regulating virus replication.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00602-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T09:01:45Z","timestamp":1744794105000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["AUP1 and UBE2G2 complex targets STING signaling and regulates virus-induced innate immunity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xin-Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University","place":["Changsha, 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