{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:30:41Z","timestamp":1791243041952,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000897","name":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LONG19F5-CI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LONG19F5-CI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000897","name":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LONG21R3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LONG21R3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["T32TR004543"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32TR004543"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000897","name":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MCCOY19R0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCCOY19R0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n infections remain an ongoing challenge for people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), with the increased global prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains requiring new therapeutic approaches. Our previous studies demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects of several MEK1\/2 inhibitor compounds, including PD0325901, CI-1040, and trametinib, in human phagocytes from PwCF and a murine\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n pulmonary infection model (M. De, G. Serpa, E. Zuiker, K. B. Hisert, et al., Front Cell Infect Microbiol 14:1275940, 2024,\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1275940<\/jats:ext-link>\n ). A recently developed MEK1\/2 inhibitor compound, ATR-002, has been recognized for its ability to exert direct antibacterial effects on gram-positive bacterial species, including\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n (C. Bruchhagen, M. Jarick, C. Mewis, T. Hertlein, et al., Sci Rep 8:9114, 2018,\n https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-27445-7<\/jats:ext-link>\n ). However, whether ATR-002 elicits antibacterial effects on clinically relevant strains of\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n or anti-inflammatory effects is unknown. In this study, the effects of ATR-002 on human CF macrophage TLR2-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion were evaluated, demonstrating that ATR-002 reduced TNF-\u03b1 and IL-8 secretion induced by the TLR2 agonists FSL-1 or Pam3CSK4. The antibacterial effects of ATR-002 were evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration testing using\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n clinical isolates obtained from PwCF. Utilization of a murine methicillin-resistant\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n (MRSA) pulmonary infection model further confirmed the\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of ATR-002. Finally, infection of wild-type and\n \n Mek2\n KO<\/jats:sup>\n <\/jats:italic>\n mice revealed that loss of MEK2 was host-protective during MRSA pulmonary infection by reducing neutrophil-mediated inflammation without altering bacterial clearance. In summary, this study highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting the MEK1\/2 pathway to combat MRSA pulmonary infections.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n \n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n infections pose a significant burden on global healthcare systems. Community-associated transmission of methicillin-resistant\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n (MRSA) and the increasing prevalence of other drug-resistant\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n isolates limit therapeutic options to combat this opportunistic pathogen. Infection-induced inflammation is a significant driver of tissue damage, especially in cystic fibrosis pulmonary infections. However, therapeutic strategies that can reduce inflammation without compromising host defense and bacterial clearance mechanisms are lacking. This study investigates the dual anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of a MEK1\/2 inhibitor as a therapeutic strategy to target both host and pathogen with a single compound. This work also identifies host MEK2 as a specific target that can be modulated to reduce inflammation without impairing host defense against MRSA pulmonary infection. Results from this study can inform future human clinical trials to evaluate the ability of the MEK1\/2 inhibitor compound ATR-002 to both combat\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n infections and reduce inflammation that accompanies these infections.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00775-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T09:00:18Z","timestamp":1748336418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Targeting the MEK1\/2 pathway to combat\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n infection and inflammation in cystic fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Eryn","family":"Zuiker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00c01js51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Serpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00c01js51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mithu","family":"De","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00c01js51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University","place":["Columbus, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kymberly M.","family":"Gowdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00c01js51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Charron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval (Oncology Axis)","place":["Quebec City, Canada"]},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire, Biochimie M\u00e9dicale and Pathologie, Universit\u00e9 Laval","place":["Quebec City, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6353-6596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan E.","family":"Birket","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/008s83205","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, USA"]},{"name":"Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan R.","family":"Kiedrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/008s83205","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, USA"]},{"name":"Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Hemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center","place":["Columbus, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00c01js51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Dorothy M. 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