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To better understand the immunological mechanisms underlying the enhanced resistance of Sts<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice, we examined the kinetics of fungal clearance at early time points. In contrast to the rapid<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:named-content>growth seen in normal kidneys during the first 24\u00a0h postinfection, we observed a reduction in kidney fungal CFU within Sts<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice beginning at 12 to 18\u00a0h postinfection. This corresponds to the time period when large numbers of innate leukocytes enter the renal environment to counter the infection. Because phagocytes of the innate immune system are important for host protection against pathogenic fungi, we evaluated responses of bone marrow leukocytes. Relative to wild-type cells, Sts<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>marrow monocytes and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) displayed a heightened ability to inhibit<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:named-content>growth<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>. This correlated with significantly enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by Sts<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>BMDCs downstream of Dectin-1, a C-type lectin receptor that plays a critical role in stimulating host responses to fungi. We observed no visible differences in the responses of other antifungal effector pathways, including cytokine production and inflammasome activation, despite enhanced activation of the Syk tyrosine kinase downstream of Dectin-1 in Sts<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>cells. Our results highlight a novel mechanism regulating the immune response to fungal infections. Further understanding of this regulatory pathway could aid the development of therapeutic approaches to enhance protection against invasive candidiasis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>Systemic candidiasis caused by fungal<jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>species is becoming an increasingly serious medical problem for which current treatment is inadequate. Recently, the Sts phosphatases were established as key regulators of the host antifungal immune response. In particular, genetic inactivation of Sts significantly enhanced survival of mice infected intravenously with<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>. The Sts<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>resistance phenotype is associated with reduced fungal burden and an absence of inflammatory lesions. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we studied phagocyte responses. Here, we demonstrate that Sts<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>phagocytes have heightened responsiveness to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:named-content>challenge relative to wild-type cells. Our data indicate the Sts proteins negatively regulate phagocyte activation via regulating selective elements of the Dectin-1\u2013Syk tyrosine kinase signaling axis. These results suggest that phagocytes lacking Sts respond to fungal challenge more effectively and that this enhanced responsiveness partially underlies the profound resistance of Sts<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice to systemic fungal challenge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00782-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T10:22:59Z","timestamp":1531736579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Phagocytes from Mice Lacking the Sts Phosphatases Have an Enhanced Antifungal Response to Candida albicans"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamoon","family":"Naseem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gian Luigi","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"},{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaustubh","family":"Parashar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Konopka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9231-9160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick","family":"Carpino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myu029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408410903241444"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e3283321ce5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1315399"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/204237"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"CDC. 2013. 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