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Despite growing evidence of the clinical importance of this species, knowledge about its population epidemiology and genomic architecture is limited. We used whole-genome sequencing to evaluate and compare\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 251) and\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 68) isolates from adults with staphylococcal sepsis at several hospitals in northeastern Thailand between 2006 and 2013. The majority (82%) of the\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates were of multilocus sequence type 2250 (ST2250).\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            was more diverse, although 43% of the isolates belonged to ST121. Bayesian analysis suggested an\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n            ST2250 substitution rate of 4.66 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.12 to 6.38) mutations per genome per year, which was comparable to the\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            ST121 substitution rate of 4.07 (95% CI, 2.61 to 5.55).\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n            ST2250 emerged in Thailand an estimated 15\u00a0years ago, which contrasts with the\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            ST1, ST88, and ST121 clades that emerged around 100 to 150\u00a0years ago. Comparison of\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n            ST2250 genomes from Thailand and a global collection indicated a single introduction into Thailand, followed by transmission to local and more distant countries in Southeast Asia and further afield.\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            shared around half of their core gene repertoire, indicating a high level of divergence and providing strong support for their classification as separate species. Several gene clusters were present in ST2250 isolates but absent from the other\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            study isolates. These included multiple exotoxins and antibiotic resistance genes that have been linked previously with livestock-associated\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            , consistent with a livestock reservoir for\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n            . These genes appeared to be associated with plasmids and mobile genetic elements and may have contributed to the biological success of ST2250.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            In this study, we used whole-genome sequencing to understand the genome evolution and population structure of a systematic collection of ST2250\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates. A newly identified ancestral species of\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n            has become increasingly known as a clinically important species that has been reported recently across various countries. Our results indicate that\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n            has spread at a relatively rapid pace over the past 2 decades across northeastern Thailand and acquired multiple exotoxin and antibiotic resistance genes that have been linked previously with livestock-associated\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            . Our findings highlight the clinical importance and potential pathogenicity of\n            <jats:italic>S.\u00a0argenteus<\/jats:italic>\n            as a recently emerging pathogen.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00802-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,6]],"date-time":"2017-07-06T00:10:13Z","timestamp":1499299813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Evolution of the\n            <i>Staphylococcus argenteus<\/i>\n            ST2250 Clone in Northeastern Thailand Is Linked with the Acquisition of Livestock-Associated Staphylococcal Genes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Danesh","family":"Moradigaravand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United 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