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Lipid metabolism is crucial for the growth and development of all organisms. Increasing evidence highlights that complex structural lipids in the fungal cell membrane emerge as important factors involved in cell signaling, stress response, and immune recognition. Membrane fluidity is primarily regulated by the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), structural components of membrane phospholipids, and sphingolipids, which comprise UFAs with varying degrees of unsaturation. A notable group of UFA found in these molecules contains a\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cis<\/jats:italic>\n                      double bond located at the C9 position of the carbon chain. The synthesis of such molecules is dependent on \u03949-fatty acid (FA) desaturase enzymes. In the absence of \u03949-FA desaturase, fungal cells become auxotrophic for palmitoleic and oleic acids (C16 and C18 UFA, respectively), suggesting that this essential enzyme family is fundamental for fungal physiology and virulence. However, the extent of phenotypes and especially the biochemical properties of fungal \u03949-FA desaturases remain poorly understood. In this manuscript, we summarize the current information and fundamental findings on \u03949-FA desaturase, gathered from functional studies on relevant fungal pathogens with a focus on\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      or deduced from model organisms, including yeasts and their mammalian counterparts. We also discuss its unique domain organization and its implications for the catalytic mechanism and the potential of fungal \u03949-FA desaturase as a chemotherapeutic target.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00803-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T09:00:11Z","timestamp":1750928411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Fungal \u03949-fatty acid desaturase: a unique enzyme at the core of lipid metabolism in\n                    <i>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/i>\n                    and a promising target for the search for antifungal strategies"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5858-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonatas Erick Maimoni","family":"Campanella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de 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