{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:48:00Z","timestamp":1792100880984,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]],"date-time":"2019-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"HHS | NIH | NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI080621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI080621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"AHA postdoctoral fellowship","award":["17POST33400082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17POST33400082"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The parasite\n            <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            can cause birth defects and severe disease in immunosuppressed patients. Strain differences in pathogenicity exist, and these differences are due to polymorphic effector proteins that\n            <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            secretes into the host cell to coopt host cell functions. The effector protein GRA15 of some\n            <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n            strains activates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) pathway, which plays an important role in cell death, innate immunity, and inflammation. We show that GRA15 interacts with TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs), which are adaptor proteins functioning upstream of the NF-\u03baB transcription factor. Deletion of TRAF-binding sites in GRA15 greatly reduces its ability to activate the NF-\u03baB pathway, and TRAF2 knockout cells have impaired GRA15-mediated NF-\u03baB activation. Thus, we determined the mechanism for GRA15-dependent NF-\u03baB activation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00808-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T10:56:08Z","timestamp":1563188168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["<i>Toxoplasma<\/i>\n            GRA15 Activates the NF-\u03baB Pathway through Interactions with TNF Receptor-Associated Factors"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Lamba Omar","family":"Sangar\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ninghan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni K.","family":"Konstantinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debanjan","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy H.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0289-7109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen P. 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