{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:28:43Z","timestamp":1785421723567,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R43AI149804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R43AI149804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01AI139265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI139265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Syphilis continues to be a significant global health concern. To define the extent of the IgG and IgA antibody reactome in patients with syphilis and identify reactive antigens and reactivity patterns that could facilitate early diagnosis and possibly serve as biomarkers for treatment response and staging, we developed a pan-proteomic microarray carrying 98.8% (1,009 antigens) of the annotated polypeptides of two\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      subsp\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains (Nichols and SS14). In this study, we probed the array with 217 sera collected pre- and post-treatment from 122 syphilis patients to detect IgG and IgA antibodies. Although a minimal IgA response to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      antigens were detected in these sera, with only 21 reactive targets on the array, corresponding to 20\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      antigens, significant IgG reactivity was detected to a total of 104 array protein spots, corresponding to 101\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      antigens, and roughly encompassing 10% of the pathogen\u2019s proteome. No targets were differentially recognized in pre-treatment sera when factoring in covariates such as syphilis stage, syphilis history, and human immunodeficiency virus status, but a significant decrease in reactivity to 82 antigens was detected in the sera collected post-treatment compared to sera collected at diagnosis. This work helped define the extent of the IgG and IgA antibody response in syphilis patients and identified antigens that could be further evaluated to improve treponemal serological tests. Antigens inducing a detectable IgA response in adults, albeit very few, could be further investigated as diagnostic markers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        This investigation improved our understanding of the IgG and IgA humoral response to virtually all proteins of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                        subsp.\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                        (\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                        ) during natural infection in patients with active and treated syphilis. Using samples collected pre- and post-treatment from individuals presenting with syphilis at different stages, human immunodeficiency virus status, and history of recurrent infection, we identified antigens that could be further investigated to improve early syphilis and congenital syphilis diagnosis and serve as possible biomarkers to monitor treatment response.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00820-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:01:54Z","timestamp":1781010114000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-throughput profiling of the IgG and IgA response to the\n                    <i>Treponema pallidum<\/i>\n                    subsp.\n                    <i>pallidum<\/i>\n                    proteome in syphilis patients"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3889-7274","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Giacani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cvxb145","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington","place":["Seattle, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cvxb145","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington","place":["Seattle, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda H.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00cvxb145","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington","place":["Seattle, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Oberai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antigen Discovery, Inc.","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jozelyn V.","family":"Pablo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antigen Discovery, Inc.","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antigen Discovery, Inc.","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy A.","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antigen Discovery, Inc.","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam D.","family":"Shandling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antigen Discovery, Inc.","place":["Irvine, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelika A.","family":"Konda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Sexuality, AIDS and Society, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","place":["Av. Honorio Delgado, Peru"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03taz7m60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California","place":["Los Angeles, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silver K.","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Sexuality, AIDS and Society, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","place":["Av. Honorio Delgado, Peru"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Reyes Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Sexuality, AIDS and Society, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","place":["Av. 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