{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:25:30Z","timestamp":1790717130212,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI118426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI118426"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI142784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI142784"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI080672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI080672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Interferon(s) provide the primary defense against intracellular pathogens, a property ascribed to their ability to upregulate interferon-stimulated genes. Due to the sequestered niche occupied by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:named-content>\n            , the host has elaborated intricate ways to target the parasite within its vacuole. One such mechanism is the recognition by a noncanonical autophagy pathway that envelops the parasite-containing vacuole and stunts growth in human cells. Remarkably, autophagy-dependent growth restriction requires interferon-\u03b3, yet none of the classical components of autophagy are induced by interferon. Our studies draw a connection between these pathways by demonstrating that the antiviral protein ISG15, which is normally upregulated by interferons, links the autophagy-mediated control to ubiquitination of the vacuole. These findings suggest a similar link between interferon-\u03b3 signaling and autophagy that may underlie defense against other intracellular pathogens.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00852-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T14:49:16Z","timestamp":1601909356000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["ISG15 Connects Autophagy and IFN-\u03b3-Dependent Control of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Human Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jaya","family":"Bhushan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua B.","family":"Radke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chieh","family":"Perng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mcallaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Lenschow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert W.","family":"Virgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7110-0285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. David","family":"Sibley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00057-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00990.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.6.1561"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3128869"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.7.1083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.158.3.670"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.3.908"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3210"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2010.01443.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0804190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205635110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003320"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2858"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00005-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2011.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09782"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01157-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3160"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0029-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120231"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)42679-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.205468"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201112098"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpps.51"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3273"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf6136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.18.8055-8068.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1619665114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-2207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0196-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmt088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.752584"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1008647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042617-053309"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0020-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.22.13974-13983.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2010.0110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2014.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1224026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.06848"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21476"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904637116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13393-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2019.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2018.2274"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006651"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003809"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.593871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1082025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-7-226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2013.36"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2014.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11496"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096681"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004588"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02341-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200900437"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg034"}],"container-title":["mBio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.00852-20","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.00852-20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T03:02:59Z","timestamp":1646708579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mBio.00852-20"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Louis M.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mBio.00852-20"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.00852-20","relation":{},"ISSN":["2161-2129","2150-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2161-2129","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00852-20"}}