{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T20:57:55Z","timestamp":1791406675454,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,31]],"date-time":"2013-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,28]],"date-time":"2014-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell density-dependent mechanism of communication between microorganisms, characterized by the release of signaling molecules that affect microbial metabolism and gene expression in a synchronized way. In this study, we investigated cell density-dependent behaviors mediated by conditioned medium (CM) in the pathogenic encapsulated fungus\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . CM produced dose-dependent increases in the growth of planktonic and biofilm cells, glucuronoxylomannan release, and melanin synthesis, important virulence attributes of this organism. Mass spectrometry revealed the presence of pantothenic acid (PA) in our samples, and commercial PA was able to increase growth and melanization, although not to the same extent as CM. Additionally, we found four mutants that were either unable to produce active CM or failed to respond with increased growth in the presence of wild-type CM, providing genetic evidence for the existence of intercellular communication in\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    .\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    CM also increased the growth of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus albidus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . Conversely, CM from\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus albidus<\/jats:named-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    cerevisiae, and\n                    <jats:italic>Sporothrix schenckii<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    growth. In summary, we report the existence of a new QS system regulating the growth and virulence factor expression of\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0neoformans in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and, possibly, also able to regulate growth in other fungi.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n                    Quorum sensing is a strategy of communication used by pathogenic microorganisms to coordinate the expression of attributes necessary to cause disease. In this work, we describe a quorum sensing system in\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , a yeast that can cause severe central nervous system infections. Adding conditioned medium\u2014culture medium in which\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    has previously grown\u2014to fresh cultures resulted in faster growth of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    both as isolated cells and in microbial communities called biofilms. The addition of conditioned medium also increased the secretion of capsule carbohydrates and the formation of melanin pigment, two tools used by this microorganism to thrive in the host. This remarkable example of microbial communication shows that\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. neoformans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    cells can act in unison when expressing attributes necessary to survive in the host, a finding that could point the way to improvements in the treatment of cryptococcosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00986-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,31]],"date-time":"2013-12-31T22:30:34Z","timestamp":1388529034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Quorum Sensing-Mediated, Cell Density-Dependent Regulation of Growth and Virulence in Cryptococcus neoformans"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of 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