{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:26:55Z","timestamp":1789849615413,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,10]],"date-time":"2014-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a potent toxin that is produced by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains and is classified as a category B select agent. We have previously shown that monoclonal antibody (MAb) 20B1, a murine anti-SEB IgG1, successfully treats SEB-induced lethal shock (SEBILS) and bacteremia that is caused by SEB-producing\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            . In this study, we have generated two isotype switch variants of the original IgG1 MAb 20B1, an IgG2a and IgG2b, both bearing the same variable region sequence, and compared their neutralizing and protective activity in\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            assays, respectively. All 3 isotypes demonstrated comparable affinity to SEB and comparable 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            s) in T cell proliferation assays.\n            <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , however, the IgG2a isotype variant of 20B1 exhibited significantly greater protection than IgG1 or IgG2b in murine SEB intoxication and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            sepsis models. Protection was associated with downmodulation of inflammatory host response. Our data demonstrate that changing the isotype of already protective MAbs, without affecting their antigen specificity or sensitivity, can result in an enhancement of their protective ability. Isotype selection, therefore, should be carefully considered in the development of toxin-neutralizing MAbs and the design of antibody therapeutics.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            The purpose of this study was to enhance the protective efficacy of an existing, protective monoclonal antibody against staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Using two\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            mouse models, our study demonstrates that the protective efficacy of a monoclonal antibody may be improved by inducing an isotype switch at the Fc region of an antibody, without altering the antigen specificity or sensitivity of the antibody. The development of therapeutic MAbs with higher efficacy may allow for the achievement of equal therapeutic benefit with a lower dosage. In turn, the use of lower doses may reduce the cost of these therapies, while reducing the potential for adverse side effects.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01007-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]],"date-time":"2014-06-11T06:34:33Z","timestamp":1402468473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Isotype Switching Increases Efficacy of Antibody Protection against Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-Induced Lethal Shock and Staphylococcus aureus Sepsis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Avanish K.","family":"Varshney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge L.","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Scharff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina C.","family":"Fries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.2.615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.212407"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2278-2281.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01121-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-8518-8-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit421"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2763"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The IMpact-RSV Study Group. 1998. 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