{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T14:24:12Z","timestamp":1794407052154,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1794355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1794355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-528521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-528521"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2020-03964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2020-03964"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a major global pathogen, has evolved a distinctive pathogenesis that differs from related enteric pathogens. A central regulator of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      -specific virulence gene expression is the broadly conserved PhoP\/PhoQ (PhoPQ) two-component system. PhoPQ serves a distinct role in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      compared to other species, suggesting a need to adapt its function for its unique and expanded role in this species. In this study, we identify a novel,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      -specific component of the PhoPQ signaling system, a small putative lipoprotein we name PalA. We show that PalA localizes to the cytoplasmic membrane, where it interacts with PhoQ, leading to PhoP activation and a corresponding reprogramming of the PhoP regulon. PalA\u2019s transcriptomic impact is entirely PhoPQ-dependent, indicating strict specificity. Upon cationic antimicrobial peptide exposure,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">palA<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression is induced, and it strongly activates PhoPQ, but\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">palA<\/jats:italic>\n                      shows low expression and has a minimal effect under low pH or low Mg\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      conditions, indicating its impact on PhoPQ is signal-specific. Notably, PalA does not stimulate PhoPQ systems from closely related species, indicating that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      PhoPQ has adapted to promote its activation by PalA. Collectively, this study unveils an evolutionary adaptation by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      that enhances its virulence gene expression in response to cationic antimicrobial peptide exposure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        , a major human pathogen, controls the expression of its virulence genes in part through the PhoP\/PhoQ (PhoPQ) two-component system. In this study, we identify and characterize a novel component of this system: a small protein unique to\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        , which we name PalA. We show that exposure to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs), a host-derived signal encountered during infection, induces PalA expression. PalA then binds PhoQ, activating it and thereby enhancing virulence gene expression. This study reveals a previously overlooked component of the\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                        PhoPQ signaling network, which is among the best-studied bacterial regulatory systems and has served as an important model system for understanding the regulation of bacterial pathogenesis. Furthermore, this work illustrates the important role small \u201cadaptor proteins\u201d can play in conferring new signaling properties to ancestral regulatory systems, in this case by boosting activity and the response to a specific environmental cue.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01070-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:00:15Z","timestamp":1791550815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    -specific protein enhances the antimicrobial peptide response of the PhoPQ two-component system"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Paris I.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0160cpw27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke A. 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