{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:55:05Z","timestamp":1792277705531,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01CA200441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CA200441"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["U01CA200441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CA200441"]}]},{"name":"HHS | NIH | National Cancer Institute"},{"name":"HHS | NIH | Office of AIDS Research"},{"name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","award":["75N91019D00024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N91019D00024"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UM1 AI164556, UM1 AI126603, UM1AI164565, UM1 AI106701, R01AI165031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 AI164556, UM1 AI126603, UM1AI164565, UM1 AI106701, R01AI165031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppresses viral replication but does not cure HIV infection because a reservoir of infectious (intact) HIV proviruses persists in long-lived CD4+T cells. However, a large majority (&gt;95%) of HIV-infected cells that persist on effective cART carry defective (non-infectious) proviruses. Defective proviruses consisting of only a single LTR (solo long terminal repeat) are commonly found as endogenous retroviruses in many animal species, but the frequency of solo-LTR HIV proviruses has not been well defined. Here we show that, in five pediatric donors whose viremia was suppressed on cART for at least 5 years, the proviruses in the nine largest clones of HIV-infected cells were solo LTRs. The sizes of five of these clones were assayed longitudinally by integration site-specific quantitative PCR. Minor waxing and waning of the clones was observed, suggesting that these clones are generally stable over time. Our findings show that solo LTRs comprise a large fraction of the proviruses in infected cell clones that persist in children on long-term cART.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work highlights that severely deleted HIV-1 proviruses comprise a significant proportion of the proviral landscape and are often overlooked.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01116-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T09:00:23Z","timestamp":1690966823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The largest HIV-1-infected T cell clones in children on long-term combination antiretroviral therapy contain solo LTRs"],"prefix":"10.1128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7635-7810","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johannes C.","family":"Botha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimiter","family":"Demirov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carli","family":"Gordijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Grace","family":"Katusiime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute , Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Bale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Epigenetics and Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute , Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute , Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen H.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute , Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark F.","family":"Cotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Mellors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary F.","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute , Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert U.","family":"van Zyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu585"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/317615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5341.1295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00284-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00591-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01985-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254194"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522675113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simonetti FR Zhang H Soroosh G Beg SA Duan J Rhodehouse K Nobles CL Lai J Hoh R Deeks SG Bushman F Siliciano J Siliciano R\n. 2020. 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