{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:04:49Z","timestamp":1792670689771,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]],"date-time":"2014-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes diseases such as pneumonia, bacteremia, and soft tissue infections in hospitalized patients. Relatively little is known about how\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            causes these infections. Thus, we used insertion sequencing (INSeq), a combination of transposon mutagenesis and massively parallel next-generation sequencing, to identify novel virulence factors of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            . To this end, we generated a random transposon mutant library containing 150,000 unique insertions in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            strain ATCC 17978. The INSeq analysis identified 453 genes required for growth in rich medium. The library was then used in a murine pneumonia model, and the relative levels of abundance of mutants before and after selection in the mouse were compared. When genes required for growth in rich medium were removed from the analysis, 157 genes were identified as necessary for persistence in the mouse lung. Several of these encode known virulence factors of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            , such as OmpA and ZnuB, which validated our approach. A large number of the genes identified were predicted to be involved in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism and transport. Other genes were predicted to encode an integration host factor, a transmembrane lipoprotein, and proteins involved in stress response and efflux pumps. Very few genes, when disrupted, resulted in an increase in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            numbers during host infection. The INSeq approach identified a number of novel virulence determinants of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            , which are candidate targets for therapeutic interventions.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            has emerged as a frequent cause of serious infections in hospitals and community settings. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, alternative approaches, such as antivirulence strategies, are desperately needed to fight\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections. Thorough knowledge of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            pathogenicity is essential for such approaches but is currently lacking. With the increasingly widespread use of massively parallel sequencing, a class of techniques known as transposon insertion sequencing has been developed to perform comprehensive virulence screens of bacterial genomes\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . We have applied one of these approaches (INSeq) to uncover novel virulence factors in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            . We identified several such factors, including those predicted to encode amino acid and nucleotide metabolism proteins, an integration host factor protein, stress response factors, and efflux pumps. These results greatly expand the number of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n            virulence factors and uncover potential targets for antivirulence treatments.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01163-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,4]],"date-time":"2014-06-04T05:44:45Z","timestamp":1401860685000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":225,"title":["Genome-Wide Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii Genes Necessary for Persistence in the Lung"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nengding","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egon A.","family":"Ozer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Mandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan R.","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2012.00344.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06279-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.01041.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00016-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00704-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/596317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906627106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002828"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00889-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2008.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-013-0372-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-4-41"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2008\/019471-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00366-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12300"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00008-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"2919","article-title":"Effect of interferon on a primary conjunctival epithelial cell model of trachoma","volume":"32","author":"Rapoza PA","year":"1991","unstructured":"RapozaPA TahijaSG CarlinJP MillerSL PadillaML ByrneGI . 1991. 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