{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T15:34:55Z","timestamp":1788104095058,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI051242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI051242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI166309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI166309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HL007185, F32 HL162424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL007185, F32 HL162424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI168440, R25 AI147375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI168440, R25 AI147375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31AI172360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31AI172360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Infection by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Mtb) continues to cause more than 1 million deaths annually, due to pathogen persistence in lung macrophages and dendritic cells derived from blood monocytes. While the accumulation of monocyte-derived cells in the Mtb-infected lung partially depends on the chemokine receptor CCR2, the other chemoattractant receptors regulating trafficking remain undefined. We used mice expressing knock-in\/knockout reporter alleles of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ccr2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cx3cr1<\/jats:italic>\n                      to interrogate their expression and function in monocyte-derived populations of the lungs and draining mediastinal lymph nodes during Mtb infection. CCR2 and CX3CR1 expression varied across monocyte-derived subsets stratified by cell surface Ly6C expression in both organs. We found that the expression of CCR2 predicted the dependence of monocyte-derived cells on the receptor for lung and lymph node accumulation. CCR2-deficient mice were also observed to have worsened lung and lymph node Mtb burden. While CX3CR1 deficiency, alone or in combination with CCR2 deficiency, did not affect cell frequencies or lung Mtb control, its absence was associated with altered positioning of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in mediastinal lymph nodes. We found that the combined loss of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ccr2<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cx3cr1<\/jats:italic>\n                      also worsened Mtb control in the mediastinal lymph node, suggesting a rationale for the persistent expression of CX3CR1 among monocyte-derived cells in pulmonary tuberculosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                        (Mtb) is the respiratory pathogen responsible for the deadliest infectious disease worldwide. Susceptible humans exhibit ineffective immune responses, in which infected phagocytes are not able to eliminate the pathogen. Since recruited monocyte-derived cells serve as reservoirs for persistent infection, understanding how these phagocytes accumulate in the lung and why they are unable to eliminate Mtb can inform the development of therapies that can synergize with antimicrobials to achieve faster and more durable Mtb elimination. Monocyte-derived cells express the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1, but the role of the latter in Mtb infection remains poorly defined. The significance of our study is in elucidating the roles of these receptors in the trafficking of monocyte-derived cells in the infected lung and mediastinal lymph node. These data shed light on the host response in tuberculosis and other pulmonary infections.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01237-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T09:00:51Z","timestamp":1749632451000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CCR2 recruits monocytes to the lung, while CX3CR1 modulates positioning of CD11c\n                    <sup>pos<\/sup>\n                    cells in the lymph node during pulmonary tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0400-6146","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05t99sp05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California","place":["San Francisco, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, New York University School of Medicine","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05t99sp05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California","place":["San Francisco, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9951-6207","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joel D.","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05t99sp05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California","place":["San Francisco, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2024. 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