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However, we still do not completely understand the role of cell-intrinsic functions in controlling<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>or other apicomplexan infections. The present work identifies intrinsic activities in naive macrophages in counteracting<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:named-content>infection. Using an avirulent strain of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:named-content>, we highlight the importance of Nox complexes in conferring protection against parasite infection both<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. We also identify Gbp5 as a novel macrophage factor involved in limiting intracellular infection by avirulent strains of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">T.\u00a0gondii<\/jats:named-content>. The rarity of human infections caused by type III strains suggests that these mechanisms may also be important in controlling human toxoplasmosis. These findings further extend our understanding of host responses and defense mechanisms that act to control parasitic infections at the cellular level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01393-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,27]],"date-time":"2018-08-27T13:24:26Z","timestamp":1535376266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["NADPH Oxidase and Guanylate Binding Protein 5 Restrict Survival of Avirulent Type III Strains of Toxoplasma gondii in Naive Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sumit K.","family":"Matta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelley","family":"Patten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quiling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bae-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, West Haven, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"MacMicking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, West Haven, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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