{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T01:37:09Z","timestamp":1785202629284,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,25]],"date-time":"2018-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]],"date-time":"2018-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01HL117328-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01HL117328-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI127850-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI127850-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The anaerobic growth and survival of bacteria are often correlated with physiological tolerance to conventional antibiotics, motivating the development of novel strategies targeting pathogens in anoxic environments. A key challenge is to identify drug targets that are specific to this metabolic state. Chlorate is a nontoxic compound that can be reduced to toxic chlorite by a widespread enzyme of anaerobic metabolism. We tested the antibacterial properties of chlorate against\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            , a pathogen that can inhabit hypoxic or anoxic microenvironments, including those that arise in human infection. Chlorate and the antibiotic tobramycin kill distinct metabolic populations in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            biofilms, where chlorate targets anaerobic cells that tolerate tobramycin. Chlorate is particularly effective against\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">P. aeruginosa<\/jats:named-content>\n            <jats:italic>lasR<\/jats:italic>\n            mutants, which are frequently isolated from human infections and more resistant to some antibiotics. This work suggests that chlorate may hold potential as an anaerobic prodrug.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01400-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T13:41:21Z","timestamp":1537796481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Chlorate Specifically Targets Oxidant-Starved, Antibiotic-Tolerant Populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Melanie A.","family":"Spero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1647-1918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dianne K.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA"},{"name":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Energetics of pathogenic bacteria and opportunities for drug development. Advances in microbial physiology","volume":"65","author":"Cook GM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cook GM, Greening C, Hards K, Berney M. 2014. Energetics of pathogenic bacteria and opportunities for drug development. Advances in microbial physiology. Adv Bact Pathog Biol 65:1\u201362.","journal-title":"Adv Bact Pathog Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2015.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(02)00152-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00143-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232467"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.27129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.1.286-291.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00611-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02722-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00063-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.232454299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1692-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-6-174"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/426945"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/5.2.279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-4-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S50669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01138-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00554"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00767-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.12048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000845"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00162-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01807-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00956-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084353"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.444-452.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1512057112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05772.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.7.2659-2664.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/27.2.177"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd940"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.2.467"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.23.4.526"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00796-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2013.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06152.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00022-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.1.317-323.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2016.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00987-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2008.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811741106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.8.3154-3160.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602138103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.24.7222-7230.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000712"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05678.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.42.100188.001311"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(69)90455-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","volume-title":"Guidelines for Canadian drinking water quality: guideline technical document\u2014chlorite and chlorate.","author":"Health Canada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Health Canada. 2008. Guidelines for Canadian drinking water quality: guideline technical document\u2014chlorite and chlorate. Health Canada, Ottawa, ON. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/content\/dam\/canada\/health-canada\/migration\/healthy-canadians\/publications\/healthy-living-vie-saine\/water-chlorite-chlorate-eau\/alt\/water-chlorite-chlorate-eau-eng.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.1998.1685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/AVet.2012.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-8568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)91199-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6171.1119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp049748k"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx0155451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01170-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13768"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag3180"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-018-0047-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1838"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.20069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01163-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.121.3.1117-1121.1975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00406055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/67.4.469"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03627.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2474"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12790"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201207-1160OE"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.4.1377-1380.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI46095"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00081-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.169.10.4614-4620.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2014.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.14.4596-4604.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12566"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808608105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja109665t"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00682-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385120-8.00015-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"}],"container-title":["mBio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.01400-18","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.01400-18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,8]],"date-time":"2022-03-08T02:18:23Z","timestamp":1646705903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mBio.01400-18"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Gottesman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/mBio.01400-18"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.01400-18","relation":{},"ISSN":["2161-2129","2150-7511"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2161-2129","type":"print"},{"value":"2150-7511","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01400-18"}}