{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:25:11Z","timestamp":1792607111139,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]],"date-time":"2018-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]],"date-time":"2018-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 AI108727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 AI108727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 AI132720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 AI132720"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1012299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1012299"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000862","name":"Doris Duke Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112580130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112580130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Candida auris<\/jats:named-content>\n has recently emerged as the first fungal pathogen to cause a global public health threat. The reason this species is causing hospital-associated outbreaks of invasive candidiasis with high mortality is unknown. In this study, we examine the interaction of\n C.\u00a0auris<\/jats:named-content>\n with neutrophils, leukocytes critical for control of invasive fungal infections. We show that human neutrophils do not effectively kill\n C.\u00a0auris<\/jats:named-content>\n . Compared to\n Candida albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n , neutrophils poorly recruited to\n C.\u00a0auris<\/jats:named-content>\n and failed to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are structures of DNA, histones, and proteins with antimicrobial activity. In mixed cultures, neutrophils preferentially engaged and killed\n C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n over\n C.\u00a0auris<\/jats:named-content>\n . Imaging of neutrophils in a zebrafish larval model of invasive candidiasis revealed the recruitment of approximately 50% fewer neutrophils in response to\n C.\u00a0auris<\/jats:named-content>\n compared to\n C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n . Upon encounter with\n C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n in the zebrafish hindbrain, neutrophils produced clouds of histones, suggesting the formation of NETs. These structures were not observed in\n C.\u00a0auris<\/jats:named-content>\n infection. Evasion of neutrophil attack and innate immunity offers an explanation for the virulence of this pathogen.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n The emerging fungal pathogen\n Candida auris<\/jats:named-content>\n has produced numerous outbreaks of invasive disease in hospitals worldwide. Why this species causes deadly disease is unknown. Our findings reveal a failure of neutrophils to kill\n C.\u00a0auris<\/jats:named-content>\n compared to the most commonly encountered\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n species,\n C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n . While neutrophils produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) upon encounter with\n C.\u00a0albicans<\/jats:named-content>\n , these antimicrobial structures are not formed in response to\n C.\u00a0auris<\/jats:named-content>\n . Using human neutrophils and a zebrafish model of invasive candidiasis, we show that\n C.\u00a0auris<\/jats:named-content>\n poorly recruits neutrophils and evades immune attack. Identification of this impaired innate immune response to\n C.\u00a0auris<\/jats:named-content>\n sheds light on the dismal outcomes for patients with invasive disease.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01403-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,20]],"date-time":"2018-08-20T04:22:32Z","timestamp":1534738952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Emerging Fungal Pathogen Candida auris Evades Neutrophil Attack"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Chad J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Muse","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Huttenlocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Kernien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8587-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeniel E.","family":"Nett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw691"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-016-0132-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2008.00083.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix597"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.98.3.996-1004.1969"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(02)00342-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00659.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13588-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200185"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-2027-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201006052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00360"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.05005-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0095-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2302.161486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0901053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00189-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0045-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6619a7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00156-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/1724"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005884"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471729256.mc10b02s3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","volume-title":"The zebrafish book. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish (Danio rerio)","author":"Westerfield M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Westerfield M. 2000. The zebrafish book. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish (Danio rerio). University of Oregon Press, Eugene, OR."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-7-42"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108324"}],"container-title":["mBio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.01403-18","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/mBio.01403-18","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T21:54:45Z","timestamp":1646690085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/mBio.01403-18"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"J. 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