{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:55:32Z","timestamp":1789757732629,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]],"date-time":"2017-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP25221107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP25221107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The saw-toothed grain beetle,\n            <jats:italic>Oryzaephilus surinamensis<\/jats:italic>\n            (Silvanidae), is a cosmopolitan stored-product pest. Early studies on\n            <jats:italic>O.\u00a0surinamensis<\/jats:italic>\n            in the 1930s described the presence of peculiar bacteriomes harboring endosymbiotic bacteria in the abdomen. Since then, however, the microbiological nature of the symbiont has been elusive. Here we investigated the endosymbiotic system of\n            <jats:italic>O.\u00a0surinamensis<\/jats:italic>\n            in detail. In the abdomen of adults, pupae, and larvae, four oval bacteriomes were consistently identified, whose cytoplasm was full of extremely elongated tubular bacterial cells several micrometers wide and several hundred micrometers long. Molecular phylogenetic analysis identified the symbiont as a member of the\n            <jats:italic>Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>\n            , in which the symbiont was the most closely related to the endosymbiont of a grain pest beetle,\n            <jats:italic>Rhyzopertha dominica<\/jats:italic>\n            (Bostrichidae). The symbiont was detected in developing embryos, corroborating vertical symbiont transmission through host generations. The symbiont gene showed AT-biased nucleotide composition and accelerated molecular evolution, plausibly reflecting degenerative evolution of the symbiont genome. When the symbiont infection was experimentally removed, the aposymbiotic insects grew and reproduced normally, but exhibited a slightly but significantly more reddish cuticle and lighter body mass. These results indicate that the symbiont of\n            <jats:italic>O.\u00a0surinamensis<\/jats:italic>\n            is not essential for the host\u2019s growth and reproduction but contributes to the host\u2019s cuticle formation. Symbiont genome sequencing and detailed comparison of fitness parameters between symbiotic and aposymbiotic insects under various environmental conditions will provide further insights into the symbiont\u2019s biological roles for the stored-product pest.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Some beetles notorious as stored-product pests possess well-developed symbiotic organs called bacteriomes for harboring specific symbiotic bacteria, although their biological roles have been poorly understood. Here we report a peculiar endosymbiotic system of a grain pest beetle,\n            <jats:italic>Oryzaephilus surinamensis<\/jats:italic>\n            , in which four oval bacteriomes in the abdomen are full of extremely elongated tubular bacterial cells. Experimental symbiont elimination did not hinder the host\u2019s growth and reproduction, but resulted in emergence of reddish beetles, uncovering the symbiont\u2019s involvement in host\u2019s cuticle formation. We speculate that the extremely elongated symbiont cell morphology might be due to the degenerative symbiont genome deficient in bacterial cell division and\/or cell wall formation, which highlights an evolutionary consequence of intimate host-symbiont coevolution.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01482-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,27]],"date-time":"2017-09-27T00:10:52Z","timestamp":1506471052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["A Novel, Extremely Elongated, and Endocellular Bacterial Symbiont Supports Cuticle Formation of a Grain Pest Beetle"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Bin","family":"Hirota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genta","family":"Okude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Anbutsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan"},{"name":"Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Futahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Moriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian-Ying","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naruo","family":"Nikoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liberal Arts, the Open University of Japan, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takema","family":"Fukatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Endosymbiosis of animals with plant microorganisms","author":"Buchner P","year":"1965","unstructured":"Buchner P . 1965. 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