{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:33:01Z","timestamp":1791495181022,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI173445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI173445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI177254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI177254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI172713"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI172713"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      causes infections of the central nervous system in premature infants and people with primary immune deficiencies affecting the innate immune system. Compared to infections in other organs, the pathogenesis and host responses to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      brain infections are understudied. However, the CARD9\/NLRP3\/interleukin 1 (IL-1) axis has been shown to play a central role in protecting the brain from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      through the recruitment of neutrophils. In addition, Ece1\/candidalysin is a key fungal trigger of this pathway in the brain. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor Ahr1 is also required for the activation of the NLRP3\/IL-1\u03b2 axis, recruitment of neutrophils, and clearance of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      from the brain. In contrast to its function\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Ahr1 does not govern the expression of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ECE1<\/jats:italic>\n                      in infected brain tissue. While our data show that Ahr1 and Ece1 have overlapping effects on the NLRP3\/IL-1 axis, we have also observed clear distinctions in their function with respect to chemokine secretion. Our data support a model in which Ahr1 is required for the first priming step of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, leading to IL-1\u03b2 production. Ece1\/candidalysin, on the other hand, plays an important role in driving both the second step of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the inflammasome-independent IL-1\u03b1-mediated responses to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      brain infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                        infections of the brain can cause devastating consequences, particularly for premature infants. However,\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                        infection of the brain has been understudied relative to other types of infection. We have found that the regulator of gene expression Ahr1 governs the expression of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                        factors that are recognized by the host and which drive the influx of neutrophils to the brain. This process is critical to the clearance of the fungus from the brain. Our data also suggest that these Ahr1-dependent factors are required to prime this immune response and function at a different step compared to the toxin candidalysin, a protein that is also required for the host to clear\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                        from the brain.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01492-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:02:01Z","timestamp":1784552521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The transcription factor Ahr1 governs the recruitment of neutrophils to the brain and clearance of\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>\n                    during CNS infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Rohan S.","family":"Wakade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036jqmy94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa","place":["Iowa City, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norma V.","family":"Solis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05h4zj272","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation a Harbor-UCLA Medical Center","place":["Torrance, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/046rm7j60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA","place":["Los Angeles, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura C.","family":"Ristow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036jqmy94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa","place":["Iowa City, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Wellington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036jqmy94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa","place":["Iowa City, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7278-3700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Scott G.","family":"Filler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05h4zj272","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation a Harbor-UCLA Medical 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