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However, these fungi are also associated with a variety of clinical skin disorders. Recent studies have reported associations of\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    with Crohn\u2019s disease and pancreatic cancer, further implicating this fungal genus in inflammatory and neoplastic disease states. Because\n                    <jats:italic>M. sympodialis<\/jats:italic>\n                    has lost genes involved in RNA interference (RNAi), we hypothesized\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    could harbor dsRNA mycoviruses. Indeed, we identified a novel mycovirus of the totivirus family in several\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species and characterized the MsMV1 mycovirus of\n                    <jats:italic>M. sympodialis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We found conditions that lead to curing of the virus and analyzed isogenic virus-infected\/virus-cured strains to determine MsMV1 genetic and pathogenic impacts. MsMV1 induces a strong overexpression of transcription factors and ribosomal genes, while downregulating cellular metabolism. Moreover, MsMV1 induced a significantly higher level of beta interferon expression in cultured macrophages. This study sheds light on the mechanisms of pathogenicity of\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , focusing on a previously unidentified novel mycovirus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01534-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T09:43:07Z","timestamp":1598866987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["A Novel Mycovirus Evokes Transcriptional Rewiring in the Fungus\n                    <i>Malassezia<\/i>\n                    and Stimulates Beta Interferon Production in Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shelly","family":"Applen Clancey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiorella","family":"Ruchti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5724-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salom\u00e9","family":"LeibundGut-Landmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Heitman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3278-8678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ianiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/245081b0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02537.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00292-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00947-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005172"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Virus taxonomy. 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