{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:02:00Z","timestamp":1791414120486,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,10]],"date-time":"2015-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,31]],"date-time":"2015-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens represents a serious risk to human health and the entire health care system. Many currently circulating strains of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics. A key limitation in combating\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is that our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is lacking. To identify potential virulence determinants of a contemporary multidrug-resistant isolate of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , we used transposon insertion sequencing (TnSeq) of strain AB5075. A collection of 250,000\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    transposon mutants was analyzed for growth within\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Galleria mellonella<\/jats:named-content>\n                    larvae, an insect-based infection model. The screen identified 300 genes that were specifically required for survival and\/or growth of\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    inside\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">G. mellonella<\/jats:named-content>\n                    larvae. These genes encompass both known, established virulence factors and several novel genes. Among these were more than 30 transcription factors required for growth in\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">G. mellonella<\/jats:named-content>\n                    . A subset of the transcription factors was also found to be required for resistance to antibiotics and environmental stress. This work thus establishes a novel connection between virulence and resistance to both antibiotics and environmental stress in\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is rapidly emerging as a significant human pathogen, largely because of disinfectant and antibiotic resistance, causing lethal infection in fragile hosts. Despite the increasing prevalence of infections with multidrug-resistant\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    strains, little is known regarding not only the molecular mechanisms that allow\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    to resist environmental stresses (i.e., antibiotics and disinfectants) but also how these pathogens survive within an infected host to cause disease. We employed a large-scale genetic screen to identify genes required for\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    to survive and grow in an insect disease model. While we identified many known virulence factors harbored by\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    , we also discovered many novel genes that likely play key roles in\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    survival of exposure to antibiotics and other stress-inducing chemicals. These results suggest that selection for increased resistance to antibiotics and environmental stress may inadvertently select for increased virulence in\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. baumannii<\/jats:named-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01660-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,10]],"date-time":"2015-11-10T20:18:44Z","timestamp":1447186724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Joint Transcriptional Control of Virulence and Resistance to Antibiotic and Environmental Stress in Acinetobacter baumannii"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1213-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Gebhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry A.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael K.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena A.","family":"Usacheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology\/Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance R.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology\/Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, 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