{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:58:38Z","timestamp":1790402318426,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]],"date-time":"2018-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC003915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC003915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC015688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC015688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Upper respiratory tract infections are the number one reason for a child to visit the emergency department, and otitis media (middle ear infection) ranks third overall. Biofilms contribute significantly to the chronic nature of bacterial respiratory tract infections, including otitis media, and make these diseases particularly difficult to treat. Several mucosa-associated human pathogens utilize a mechanism of rapid adaptation termed the phasevarion, or\n            <jats:underline>phase<\/jats:underline>\n            <jats:underline>vari<\/jats:underline>\n            able regul\n            <jats:underline>on<\/jats:underline>\n            , to resist environmental and host immune pressures. In this study, we assessed the role of the phasevarion in regulation of biofilm formation by nontypeable\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:named-content>\n            (NTHI), which causes numerous respiratory tract diseases. We found that the NTHI phasevarion regulates biofilm structure and critical biofilm matrix components under disease-specific conditions. The findings of this work could be significant in the design of improved strategies against NTHI infections, as well as diseases due to other pathogens that utilize a phasevarion.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01682-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,18]],"date-time":"2018-09-18T05:27:37Z","timestamp":1537248457000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Epigenetic Regulation Alters Biofilm Architecture and Composition in Multiple Clinical Isolates of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Brockman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick N.","family":"Azzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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