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We observed that\n            <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. are overrepresented in children free of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            (pneumococcus), a common pediatric nasal colonizer and an important infectious agent.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Corynebacterium accolens<\/jats:named-content>\n            , a benign lipid-requiring species, inhibits pneumococcal growth during\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            cocultivation on medium supplemented with human skin surface triacylglycerols (TAGs) that are likely present in the nostrils. This inhibition depends on LipS1, a TAG lipase necessary for\n            <jats:italic>C.\u00a0accolens<\/jats:italic>\n            growth on TAGs such as triolein. We determined that\n            <jats:italic>C.\u00a0accolens<\/jats:italic>\n            hydrolysis of triolein releases oleic acid, which inhibits pneumococcus, as do other free fatty acids (FFAs) that might be released by LipS1 from human skin surface TAGs. Our results support a model in which\n            <jats:italic>C. accolens<\/jats:italic>\n            hydrolyzes skin surface TAGS\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            releasing antipneumococcal FFAs. These data indicate that\n            <jats:italic>C.\u00a0accolens<\/jats:italic>\n            may play a beneficial role in sculpting the human microbiome.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Little is known about how harmless\n            <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            species that colonize the human nose and skin might impact pathogen colonization and proliferation at these sites\n            <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n            We show that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Corynebacterium accolens<\/jats:named-content>\n            , a common benign nasal bacterium, modifies its local habitat\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            as it inhibits growth of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            by releasing antibacterial free fatty acids from host skin surface triacylglycerols. We further identify the primary\n            <jats:italic>C.\u00a0accolens<\/jats:italic>\n            lipase required for this activity. We postulate a model in which higher numbers of\n            <jats:italic>C.\u00a0accolens<\/jats:italic>\n            cells deter\/limit\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            nostril colonization, which might partly explain why children without\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. pneumoniae<\/jats:named-content>\n            colonization have higher levels of nasal\n            <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n            . This work narrows the gap between descriptive studies and the needed in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of microbe-microbe interactions that help shape the human microbiome. It also lays the foundation for future\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            studies to determine whether habitat modification by\n            <jats:italic>C.\u00a0accolens<\/jats:italic>\n            could be promoted to control pathogen colonization.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01725-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,29]],"date-time":"2016-01-29T19:07:26Z","timestamp":1454094446000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":324,"title":["Corynebacterium accolens Releases Antipneumococcal Free Fatty Acids from Human Nostril and Skin Surface Triacylglycerols"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Bomar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio D.","family":"Brugger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian H.","family":"Yost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean S.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine P.","family":"Lemon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00938-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.04.093"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.02.088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf506"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319750"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hausdorff W Feikin D Klugman K. 2005. 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