{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T19:39:08Z","timestamp":1793129948992,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"LSU Health Foundation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02bzj4420","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 GM104940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 GM104940"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For nearly three decades, the pathogenesis of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) remained an enigma. During the HIV\/AIDS epidemic, observations that women with profound CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell deficiencies were not more susceptible to VVC challenged the prevailing assumption that protective adaptive immunity dictated all mucosal\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections. Here, we recount the scientific journey and trajectory that began with these observations and culminated in a paradigm shift in understanding VVC pathogenesis. Through extensive clinical studies, animal models, and a groundbreaking live\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      challenge clinical study, VVC was ultimately redefined as an immunopathogenic condition characterized by a robust yet dysfunctional neutrophil response to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      within the vaginal environment. We highlight the key discoveries, challenges, and experiences that reshaped the field and finally solved the long-standing riddle of VVC pathogenesis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01787-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:01:02Z","timestamp":1789390862000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Story behind the Science: Solving the riddle for the pathogenesis of vulvovaginal candidiasis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8066-5763","authenticated-orcid":true,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Paul L.","family":"Fidel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, LSU Health New Orleans","place":["New Orleans, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3690-7910","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junko","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, School of Dentistry, LSU Health New Orleans","place":["New Orleans, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1097(89)90380-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.8.3399-3405.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00362178585380301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.25.2.281"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.5.1990-1995.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/3382:3382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01544-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.651-657.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00550-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00624-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01936"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00454-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034511399284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2002.00009.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3297-3304.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/S1064744996000439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.5.2725-2729.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427190"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.11.7162-7164.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/3693780310001597683"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5790-5799.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.38.6.419.431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.6.1458"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514097"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.12.7081-7088.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2005.00212.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-280X.1999.00228.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/324532"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7765-7767.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/mmy.41.2.97.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.supplement_1.s148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0966-842x(01)02094-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0b013e318273e8cf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.5.2939-2946.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"668","article-title":"Major histocompatibility haplotype does not impact the course of experimentally induced murine vaginal candidiasis","volume":"49","author":"Black CA","year":"1999","unstructured":"Black CA, Eyers FM, Dunkley ML, Clancy RL, Beagley KW. 1999. 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