{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:08:44Z","timestamp":1791227324054,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]],"date-time":"2014-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,31]],"date-time":"2014-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1414713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n            is an obligate intracellular human pathogen that grows inside a membranous, cytosolic vacuole termed an inclusion. Septins are a group of 13 GTP-binding proteins that assemble into oligomeric complexes and that can form higher-order filaments. We report here that the septins SEPT2, -9, -11, and probably -7 form fibrillar structures around the chlamydial inclusion. Colocalization studies suggest that these septins combine with F actin into fibers that encase the inclusion. Targeting the expression of individual septins by RNA interference (RNAi) prevented the formation of septin fibers as well as the recruitment of actin to the inclusion. At the end of the developmental cycle of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , newly formed, infectious elementary bodies are released, and this release occurs at least in part through the organized extrusion of intact inclusions. RNAi against SEPT9 or against the combination of SEPT2\/7\/9 substantially reduced the number of extrusions from a culture of infected HeLa cells. The data suggest that a higher-order structure of four septins is involved in the recruitment or stabilization of the actin coat around the chlamydial inclusion and that this actin recruitment by septins is instrumental for the coordinated egress of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n            from human cells. The organization of F actin around parasite-containing vacuoles may be a broader response mechanism of mammalian cells to the infection by intracellular, vacuole-dwelling pathogens.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n            is a frequent bacterial pathogen throughout the world, causing mostly eye and genital infections.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. trachomatis<\/jats:named-content>\n            can develop only inside host cells; it multiplies inside a membranous vacuole in the cytosol, termed an inclusion. The inclusion is covered by cytoskeletal \u201ccoats\u201d or \u201ccages,\u201d whose organization and function are poorly understood. We here report that a relatively little-characterized group of proteins, septins, is required to organize actin fibers on the inclusion and probably through actin the release of the inclusion. Septins are a group of GTP-binding proteins that can organize into heteromeric complexes and then into large filaments. Septins have previously been found to be involved in the interaction of the cell with bacteria in the cytosol. Our observation that they also organize a reaction to bacteria living in vacuoles suggests that they have a function in the recognition of foreign compartments by a parasitized human cell.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01802-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,8]],"date-time":"2014-10-08T06:39:57Z","timestamp":1412750397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Septins Arrange F-Actin-Containing Fibers on the Chlamydia trachomatis Inclusion and Are Required for Normal Release of the Inclusion by Extrusion"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Larisa","family":"Volceanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Herbst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Biniossek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Schilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL, Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Biofunctionality Unit, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thilo","family":"N\u00f6lke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prema","family":"Subbarayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Rudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Biocenter, Wuerzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Zieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"H\u00e4cker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"2443","volume-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"Stamm WE","year":"2010","unstructured":"StammWE BatteigerBE . 2010. Chlamydia trachomatis (trachoma, perinatal infections, lymphogranuloma venereum, and other genital infections), p 2443\u20132461. In MandellGE , Principles and practice of infectious diseases, vol 2. Churchill Linvingstone Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.55.1.143-190.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(97)01061-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1112371108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603044103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"2379","article-title":"The effect of Chlamydia trachomatis infection on the host cell cytoskeleton and membrane compartments","volume":"135","author":"Campbell S","year":"1989","unstructured":"CampbellS RichmondSJ YatesPS . 1989. The effect of Chlamydia trachomatis infection on the host cell cytoskeleton and membrane compartments. J. Gen. 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