{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T17:40:13Z","timestamp":1793814013032,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,18]],"date-time":"2018-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]],"date-time":"2018-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545350400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI114668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI114668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["mBio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            is a spore-forming anaerobic bacterium which causes infection of the large intestine with high mortality rates. The\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            infection is difficult to prevent and treat, as the pathogen is resistant to many antimicrobial agents. Prolonged use of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics for treatment of various infectious diseases triggers the infection, as these drugs suppress the abundance of protective gut bacteria, allowing the resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            bacteria to multiply. While resistance of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            to \u03b2-lactam antibiotics plays the major role in the development of the disease, the mechanism of resistance is unknown. The significance of our research is in the discovery in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            of \u03b2-lactamases, enzymes that destroy \u03b2-lactam antibiotics. These findings ultimately can help to combat deadly\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. difficile<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01803-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]],"date-time":"2018-12-17T10:59:50Z","timestamp":1545044390000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Intrinsic Class D \u03b2-Lactamases of\n            <i>Clostridium difficile<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Toth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nichole K.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clyde","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei B.","family":"Vakulenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/659156"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/521863"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e32818be71d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32834bc9a9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61266-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089417"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-091313-103456"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics4030337"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"CDC. 2013. 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