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The studies presented here reveal that the ability of IFN-\u03b3 to inhibit parasite replication in astrocytes<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>is dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and that mice that specifically lack STAT1 in astrocytes are unable to limit parasite replication in the central nervous system (CNS). This susceptibility is associated with a loss of antimicrobial pathways and increased cyst formation in astrocytes. These results identify a critical role for astrocytes in limiting the replication of an important opportunistic pathogen.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type in the brain, and they are activated in response to many types of neuroinflammation, but their function in the control of CNS-specific infection is unclear. The parasite<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:named-content>is one of the few clinically relevant microorganisms that naturally infects astrocytes, and the studies presented here establish that the ability of astrocytes to inhibit parasite replication is essential for the local control of this opportunistic pathogen. Together, these studies establish a key role for astrocytes as effector cells and in the coordination of many aspects of the protective immune response that operates in the brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01881-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T11:00:34Z","timestamp":1478689234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["STAT1 Signaling in Astrocytes Is Essential for Control of Infection in the Central Nervous System"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Shinya","family":"Hidano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise 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